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Intro to Anatomy and Physiology (1.4 (Integumentary (Protection from the…
Intro to Anatomy and Physiology
1.1
Responsiveness
Growth
Reproduction
Movement
Metabolism
1.2
Gross Anatomy
Studying anatomy by focusing on one region of the body and focusing on everything in that region
Microscopic Anatomy
structures that cannot be seen without magnification
Physiology
Human
Cell
Special
Study of the physiology of specific organs
Systemic
all aspects of the function of specific organ systems
1.3
chemical
cells
tissues
organs
organ systems
human organism
1.4
Integumentary
Protection from the environment skin: epidermis, dermis, and accessory structure
Skeletal
support and protection 206 bones, 80 axial, 126 appendicular
Muscular
locomotion and heat production
Nervous
directing responses to stimuli
Endocrine
directing long-term changes pancreas, kidneys, pancreas
Cardiovascular
internal transport of materials heart, blood, blood vessels
lymphoid
defense against infection
digestive
processing of food esophagus, stomach, small intestines, large intestines
Urinary
elimination of excess water kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethera
Reproductive
production of sex cells
1.5
Homeostasis
The tendency of an organism in maintain a stable internal environment
All life processes and metabolic reactions work to maintain homeostasis
1.6
Negative feedback
Maintenance of body temperature at 98.6
Positive feedback
Coagulation ( blood clots)
Constractions
Lactation
Immune system
Homeostatic mechanisms have three components in common
Receptor- senses change in enviornment ( afferent)
Control center- regulates set-point of variables
Effector- organ that acts in response to changes (efferent)
1.8
Axial Portion ( head, neck, and ribs and sternum)
Appendicular (arms and legs)
Cranial (brain)
thoracic cavity (lungs, mediastinum, thymus, heart, esophagus, trachea
Vertebral canal (spinal cord)
Abdominal cavity (stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder, small intestine, large intestine)
Pelvic cavity (urinary bladder, internal reproductive organs
Anatomy landmarks
cervical- neck
axillary- armpit
brachial- upper arm
antecubital- anterior elbow
antebrachial- forearm
carpal- wrist
metacarpal- hand
digital/phalanges- fingers
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Anatomy Landmarks