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Energy Metabolism: Photosynthesis (Reducing Power (oxidized-not maxed out…
Energy Metabolism: Photosynthesis
Concepts
photoautotrophs- convert light to inorganic materials.
entropy- becoming less organized.
heterotrophs- take in organic materials.
Energy Carriers
guanosine triphosphate
photophosphorylation
substrate-level phosphorylation
oxidative phosphorylation
Reducing Power
oxidized-not maxed out with electrons.
oxidation state
reduced- atom gains electrons
reduction reaction-reduces positive charge
oxidation reaction- increases positive charge
Reduced Compound
Oxidation Compound
Reducing Power- force electrons onto compounds
Oxidizing Agents- take away electrons
Reducing Agent- accept electrons
Redox Potential
Photosenthysis
Light Dependent Reactions
Electromagnetic Radiation Spectrum
Quanta and photons
Pigments- absorb wavelengths of light to determine color
Chlorophyll
Activated
Ground State----Excited State
Fluoroscence-pigment releases light
Absorption Spectrum
Action Spectrum-tells which wavelengths are best suited for a photochemical process.
Accessory Pigments- strongly absorb wavelengths
Resonance- allows chlorophyll b to absorb light chlorophyll a misses
Antenna Complex-300 chlorophyll, carotenoids, and proteins
Reaction Center- where energy is transferred
Photosystem I
P700
ferredoxin
ferredoxin- NADP reductase
Photosystem II
plastocyanin
cytochrome b6/f complex
phaeophytin
P680
Electron Transport Chain
ATP Synthesis
Chemiosmotic Phosphorylation
Grana
Frets
Stroma
Thylakoid Lumen
Stroma Reactions
Calvin Cycle/C three cycle
acceptor molecule-reacts with carbon dioxide
3 Phosphoglycerate- 3 carbons
RuBP carboxylase- giant enzyme
1,3 diphosphoglycerate
3- phosphoglyceraldehyde
Anabolic Metabolism
anabolism- consist of anabolic reactions
Synthesis of Polysaccharides
gluconeogenesis
dihydroxyacetone phosphate
fructose-1,6- bisphosphorous
fructose-6-phosphate
glucose-6-phosphate
Light
Quality of Sunlight- colors or wavelengths
Quantity of Light- intensity or brightness
Light can damage the plant if it is too intense.
Light compensation point- no photosynthesis occurred
Duration of Sunlight- number of hours per day of sunlight
Leaf Structure
Moist climates- thick mesophyll for storing carbon dioxide
Dry places- small growth to conserve water
Water
Greatly influences photosynthesis
C4 Metabolism
Photorespiration
C4 Metabolism- evolved efficient method
PEP carboxylase- enzyme found in the mesophyll
Crassulacean Acid Metabolism- second metabolic improvement
Oxygenic Photosynthesis-Oxygen is a waste product
bacteriochlorophylls- purple and green bacteria
anoxygenic photosynthesis-no oxygen and relies on the chemiosmotic gradient
