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Sex Hormones (Estrogens and Progesterone (Three Hierarchies (• The…

- - - - Enables development of sex organs
      - Initiates growth of breasts and milk- producing apparatus
      - Stimulates bone and muscle growth
    - - Causes proliferation of the endometrial stroma and development of endometrial glands
      - Maintains bone health
      - Increases basal metabolic rate slightly
      - Affects fat deposit and distribution
      - Increases slightly protein formation
      - Develops soft and smooth skin
      - Minor effect on increased sodium retention in kidney
  - - - Promotes growth of the milk-producing apparatus
  - - - 2.Accelerated growth --> vesicular follicles
        
        3.Estrogen is secreted into the follicle and causes the granulosa cells to form, increasing numbers of FSH receptors, which causes a positive feedback effect because it makes the granulosa cells even more sensitive to FSH
        
        4.The pituitary FSH and the estrogens combine to promote LH receptors on the original granulosa cells, thus allowing LH stimulation to occur in addition to FSH stimulation and creating an even more rapid increase in follicular secretion
        
        5.The increasing estrogens from the follicle plus the increasing LH from the anterior pituitary gland act together to cause proliferation of the follicular theca cells and increase their secretion as well
        
        After a week or more of growth, one follicle begins to outgrow the others (remaining follicles become atretic)
        
        7.Ovulation occurs 14 days after onset of menstruation
        
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- - - - Enables development of male sex organs
        
        Causes descent of the testes (final; 2 -3 months of gestation)
    - - Affects distribution of body hair
      - Deepens voice
      - Increases thickness of skin
      - Increases protein formation & muscle development
      - Increases bone matrix & calcium retention
      - Increases basal metabolic rate
      - Increases red blood cells
      - Minor effect on increased sodium retention in kidney
- - - - Improves vasomotor symptoms, urogenital atrophic symptoms, libido; prevents osteoporosis
    - - May increase risk of CHD, stroke, venous thrombosis, breast cancer