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Energy Metabolism: Photosynthesis (Factors (Crassulacean Acid Metabolism…

- - - - Use Chemical Reactions
        
        Theoretical Examples
        
        Enter Every Reaction
        
        Make Smaller Molecules
      - Large Molecules
    - - Photophosphorylation
        
        Light Energy
      - Substrate-Level Phosphorylation
        
        Force of Phosphate onto ADP
        
        Animals
        
        Fungi
        
        Nonchlorophyllous Plants
      - Oxidative Phosphorylation
        
        Phosphorylation of ADP
- - - - More Postive
    - - Oxidize Material
      - NADP+
      - NAD+
  - - - More Negative
    - - Forcing Electrons onto Compounds
    - - Reduce Material
      - NADH
      - NADPH
  - - - Small Proteins
      - Contain Heme
      - Thylakoid Membranes (Part Of)
      - Carry Between Sites
    - - Hydrophobic
      - Short Distances
      - 2 Electrons
      - Binds 2 Protons
    - - Small Protein
      - Used in Copper
      - Short Distances
- - - - Light Dependent Reactions
      - Pigment
        
        Absorbs Certain Wavelengths
        
        Distinct Color
        
        Chlorophyll a
        
        Some Red/Blue Light
        
        No High-Energy Quanta
        
        Fluorescence
        
        Release of Light
        
        Chlorophyll b
        
        Land Plants
        
        Accessory Pigments
        
        Absorbs Light Missed by Chlorophyll a
        
        Photosynthetic Unit
        
        Pigments and Carries that Work Together
      - Photosystem I
        
        Little Chlorophyll b
        
        P700
        
        Pair of Chlorophylls
        
        Produces NADPH
      - Photosystem II
        
        Reduces P700
      - ATP Snythase
        
        Occurs in Thylakoid Lumen
    - - Makes Carbohydrate
      - Occurs in Stroma
      - A.K.A. Calvin Cycle
  - - - Anabolic Reactions
    - - Synthetic Pathways
        
        Fats and Polysaccharides
        
        Storage of Energy and Carbon
    - - Gluconeogenesis
        
        Glucose Synthesis
        
        Anabolic
      - Starch
        
        Amylose
        
        Digested Slowly
        
        Amylopectin
        
        Digested Quickly
        
        Makes Glucose Available
- - - - Colors
        
        Wavelengths
    - - More Light is Beneficial
        
        More CO2 Available
        
        May Be Too Intense
      - Less Light
        
        Less CO2 Available
    - - Long Hours
        
        Lots of Photosynthesis
        
        Can be Harmful
      - Short Hours
        
        Less Photosynthesis
  - - - Palisade Parenchyma Top Layer
      - Mesophyll Bottom Layer
      - Water Conservation Inefficient
    - - Cells Packed Tightly
      - Reduced Water Loss
      - Slows Photosynthesis
  - - - Daytime
      - Dry Soil
    - - Nighttime
  - - - Absorbed
      - Transported
      - Concentrated
    - - Chlorophyllous Cells
      - Mesophyll Cells
        
        PEP Carboxylase
        
        CO2 Affinity
        
        Reduced to Malate
  - - - Improves
    - - Acids are Accumulated