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Civilization (Wine (Production Time (It was first produced during…
Civilization
Wine
Wine was believed to be a more exotic and foreign drink because of the transportation of it to places. (pg 46)
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Access to wine at the beginning was a mark of status because only the wealthier people could get a hold of it (pg 48)
After volume of wine grew it became available to a broader segment of society. More people had access to it but there was still different types of wine to fit with statuses (pg 49)
Beer
Beer was the drink that first helped humanity along the path to the modern world (pg 10). The creation of beer was what lead people to settle down in permanent settlements so they could grow grains to make the beer as it was more safe to consume than water.
Orgins
The record of beer and everything else begins in Sumer, a region in Mesopotamia. (pg 16)
Gift from gods
Both Egyptians and Mesopotamians saw beer as an ancient god given drink and made it part of their religious identity and had great social importance to them. (Pg 29)
Consumtion
Once beer became more common it was then consumed by everyone, rich, poor, young and old, it was seen as the defining drink of civilization(pg 30)
Egypt Culture
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Workers who built pyramids were paid in beer. They would get three or four loaves of bread and 2 jugs of beer. The use of bread and beer as wages became synonymous with prosperity and well being. (pg 37)
Egyptians believed that their well being depended on bread and beer wages. They identified them so closely with the necessities of life that the phrase "bread and beer" meant sustenance in general (pg 37)
Mesopotamia Culture
Gilgamesh
He was a Sumerian King that ruled around 2700 BCE, he had a myth tied up with his name. The myth states that he was once a wild man who after drinking beer becomes a "human". The Mesopotamians thought that consuming beer was what distinguished them from savages and made them humans. (pg 26-27)
Writing
They used clay tablets in which they drew to keep track of the amounts of grains, beer, bread and other goods being stored at temples and then figured out a way to make words (cuneiform) out of them to better keep track of everything. (pg 30, 32,34)
Intoxication
Mesopotamians had a relaxed attitude towards intoxication while Egyptians had a strong disapproval of being intoxicated (pg 29)
Farming
Farming of grains within bands lead them to making settlements so that they could have a more stable life and grow and save their food instead of constantly having to move to find food. (pg 21)
Farming spread through the fertile crescent between 7000 BCE and 5000 BCE as plants and animals became domesticated