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Four Branches of Human Tissues (Epithelial Tissue (Types, Locations, and…
Four Branches of Human Tissues
Epithelial Tissue
The Epithelia form selective barriers for the passage of molecules across the body surfaces. Epithelia will line the external and internal surfaces of many organs, and form the secretory part of most glands
Cell Nuclei Arrangements
: A single row of Nuclei forms a
Simple epithelium
. Stacked rows of nuclei form a
Stratified Epithelium.
An epithelium where the cell heights differ, and look stacked, but each cell is attached to the basal region is known as a
Pseudostratified epithelium
.
Cell Distribution
: Lots of cells packed in very tightly, with little extracellular material. Form defined Apical and Basal regions. The Apical region borders open space (e.g. the Lumen), while the Basal region is attached to the underlying connective tissue.
Cellular Shapes
: Cells found in the apical region are going to be
Squamous
- thin flat cells, might look like fish scales from a horizontal view.
Cuboidal
- Cube-like shape, may appear square in a cross sectional view.
Columnar
-elongated and column shaped, nucleus is generally located close to the basal region.
Types, Locations, and Functions
Simple Squamous Epithelium
- Allows materials to pass through by diffusion and filtration, secretes lubricating substances. Located in the air sacs of lungs, lines the heart, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and the mesothelium.
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
- Protects against abrasion, regenerates quickly. Skin is a stratified squamous epithelium. Also located in the vagina, and lines the esophagus, and mouth.
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
- Secretes and absorbs. Located in ducts, and secretory portions of small glands and the kidney tubules.
Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium
-Protective tissue. Found in sweat glands, salivary glands, mammary glands, and the ducts of glands.
Simple Columnar Epithelium
- located in the small intestine. With a layer of Villi, these cells absorb; and secrete mucus, and enzymes.
Stratified Columnar Epithelium
- Found in the male urethra, ducts of some glands, in addition to secretion, it provides a protective barrier.
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
- Ciliated tissue lining the trachea, and most of the upper respiratory tract. Secretes mucus, the villi moves the mucus.
Transitional Epithelium
- Allows the urinary organs to expand and stretch. Found lining the bladder, urethra, and the ureters.
Epithelial Tissue is the top layer of tissue, it will lie above the connective tissue, separated by the basement membrane.
Connective Tissue
Connective Tissues
, are the body's binding and support tissues. They provide structural support, connect body structures, store nutrients, and hold tissue fluids.
Cell Distribution
- Few cells (fibroblasts), spaced widely apart. Surrounded by a large extracellular matrix and fibers.
Types, Location, functions
Connective Tissue Proper
Six different types, varies in density and types of fibers. Binding tissue.
Loose Connective Tissue
-fibers are distributed throughout the tissue but are separated by the ground substance
Areolar
-Holds and moves tissue fluids, wraps around and cushions organs. Widely distributed under the epithelia.
Adipose
-Provides reserve food fuel, insulates against heat, supports and protects organs. Located under the skin in the hypodermis, around kidneys, eyes, abdomen, and breasts.
Reticular
-Forms a soft internal skeleton that supports other cell types. Generally found in Lymphoid organs.
Dense Connective Tissue
Contains more Collagen than areolar connective tissues.
Irregular
-Provides structural strength, withstands tension from all directions. Found in fibrous capsules of joints and organs, dermis of the skin, digestive tract.
Regular
-Few elastic fibers mostly collagen. Attaches to bones or muscles, withstands stress when pulling force is applied. Found in tendons, most ligaments.
Elastic
-High proportion of elastic fibers. Allows recoil of tissues after stretching, maintains flow of blood through arteries. Located in walls of Large Arteries, bronchial tubes, ligaments of the vertebral column.
Bone and Cartilage
Bone
- Hard, calcified matrix containing many collagen fibers. Supports and protect body structures. Stores calcium and other minerals and fat. Marrow inside bones is where blood cells are formed.
Cartilage
Firm but flexible tissue, occurs in several parts of the skeleton. No blood vessels, or nerves, only has one type of cell, the chondrocyte. Each cell resides in a lacuna.
Hyline Cartilage
Supports and reinforces, cushion, resists compressive stress. Amorphous but firm matrix, collagen fibers. Covers ends of long bones in joint cavities, coastal cartilages of the ribs. Cartilages of nose, trachea, and larynx.
Elastic Cartilage
Maintains shape of a structure while allowing for flexibility
Fibrocartilage
Absorbs compressive shock. Located in intervertebral discs, discs of knee joints.
Blood
Located within blood vessels, the red and white blood cells are in a fluid matrix (Plasma). Transports respiratory gases, nutrients, waste, and other substances.
Connective Tissue Proper Cells and Extracellular Matrix-
- Fibroblasts, Fibrocytes, Fat Cells, Defense Cells. Ground substance is gel like. Three types of fibers, Collagen, Reticular and Elastic
Muscle Tissue
Muscle Tissue is a soft tissue that forms/composes muscles. It gives muscles the ability to contract. Muscle Tissue varies with location and function in the body.
Types, Locations, Functions
Skeletal Muscle Tissue
-Found in the muscles attached to bones and occasionally skin. Voluntary movement, locomotion, facial expression, and manipulation of the environment.
Long, cylindrical, multinucleate cells. Clear and obvious Striations.
Cardiac Muscle Tissue
-Located in the walls of the heart. As it contracts, it propels blood into circulation. Involuntary control.
Branching, Striated. Noticeable intercalated discs.
Smooth Muscle Tissue
-Located mostly in the walls of hollow muscles. Propels substances, and objects such as urine, foodstuffs, a baby along internal passageways.
Spindle-shaped cells with central nuclei, arranged closely to form sheets, no striations.
Nervous Tissue
Nervous Tissue is the main component of the nervous system organs (The Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerves). It contains two type of cells, Neurons and supporting cells.
The function of the nervous tissue is to transmit electrical signals from sensory receptors and to effectors (muscles and glands) that control the activity of said organs.
The Nervous Tissue, controls and regulates body functions.
Neurons
-are highly specialized, branching nerve cells, that generate and conduct electrical impulses.
Neuroglia
- are the nonconducting supporting cells which nourish, insulate, and protect the delicate neurons.
Processes
-Neurons have extensions a.k.a as processes that allows them to transmit or substantial distances within the body.
Dendrites
- are cell processes that extend from the cell body of a neuron like branches of a tree. The dendrites, the receptive region of the neuron transmit signals toward the cell body.
Axon
-A singular, long cell process extending from the cell body that generates nerve impulses and transmits them away from the cell body.