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Educational Learning Theory (Cognitivism (Social Learning (Vygotsky (1896…
Educational Learning Theory
Behaviorism
Classical Conditioning
Pavlov (1849-1936)
Russian psychologist in 1927
classical conditioning experiments with dogs salivating when a bell rings
Stimuli > target behavior
Strategy: playing music to indicate moving stations
learning of involuntary emotional and/or physiological responses
Operant Conditioning
Target behavior > reward
Strategy: giving stickers to well-behaving students
B.F. Skinner (1904-1990)
Skinner Box
American psychologist 1930's-1960's
developed operant conditioning
conditioning voluntary, controlable behaviors
Study of external behavior
Cognitivism
Learning is a mental/neurological process
How we think and gain knowledge
Social Cognitivism
Bandura (1925- )
Bobo doll experiments
Self regulation
Strategy: Attention, Retention, Reproduction. Motivation
Learning occurs in a social environment through observation
behavior imitation
Social Learning
Vygotsky (1896-1934)
Zone of proximal development
Self Talk/ Self Regulation
Scaffolding
Strategy: differentiate readings by having multiple levels available
social interaction
Strategy: Learning based on cultural knowledge
Strategy: Scaffolding
Strategy: Placing kids with different zones of proximal development in the same group
Cognitive Development
Piaget (1896-1980)
Schemes can either be assimilated into or accommodated for
Disequilibrium exists when a new situation doesn't fit into a scheme- leads to adaptation
Strategy: Experiments/ observational learning
Exposure to disequilibruim
Constructivism
people construct their own understanding and knowledge of the world through experiencing things and reflecting on those experiences
John Dewey (1859-1952)
children need real-world learning
utilize children's curiousity
ask for active input
Strategy: Scaffold activities through peer tutoring
Jerome Bruner (1915-2016)
Father of Discovery Learning
Hands-on active involvement
Inluenced by
Children are problem solvers
Strategy: Experiential learning opportunities, such as Young Ameritowne
Motivation
Intrinsic
Daniel Pink (1964-)
Strategy: 10% class time devoted to self-directed projects
Autonomy
Mastery
Purpose
Alfie Kohn (1957-)
Extrinsic motivation undermines purpose and any intrinsic motivation
Community
Choice
Content
:
The 3 C's
Carol Dweck (1946-)
Growth mindset (vs. fixed mindset)
Strategy: Effective praise of effort over intelligence
Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi (1934-)
Flow Theory
Clear goals at every step
Immediate Feedback
Balance between skill and challenge
Merging of action and awareness
Free of distraction
No worry of failure
No self-consciousness
Activity becomes the end in itself
Strategy: Games
Extrinsic
"Hierarchy of Needs"
Maslow (1908-1970)
Strategy: keep snacks on hand
