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Chapters 4 & 5 (Chapter 4 (Descent with Modification:A Darwinian View…
Chapters 4 & 5
Chapter 4
Descent with Modification:A Darwinian View of Life
Descent of natural selection explains organism diversity
Charles Darwin (1809-1882)
protege of John Henslow
Darwin embarks on December 1831
travel to the galapagos
adaptation
inherited characteristics of organisms to increase survivability
natural selection
process which individuals that inherit traits survive and reproduce at higher rates because of the traits
artificial selection
human involvement in species to get desired traits not found in the wild
Darwinian revolution challenges traditional views
Aristotle and Linnaeus
scale of nature
life forms can be arranged in a ladder which increases in complexity
also known as "scala naturae"
binomial format
similar species are grouped in same gennus, which are grouped into the same family, etc.
example: Homo sapiens for humans
stratum
fossils
if found in a particular stratum it provides information of previous organisms during different times
remains of organisms from the past
paleontology
study of fossils
layers of sediment cover previous layers compressing them and creating strata(stratum)
Support for Evolution
natural selection found in response to introduced species
example: soapberry bugs "beak" size changing after shortage of food
drug-resistant bacteria
fossil record
shows past organisms differing from present organisms
biogeography
pangea
The Evolution of Populations
Hardy-Weinberg equation
helps to test if a population is evolving
Genetic Variation helps evolution
genetic variation
difference in composition of gene sequence within individuals
neutral variation
differences in DNA sequence with no selective adv. or disadv.
Chapter 4
The History of Life on Earth
The Origin of Species
Chapter 5
Chapter 5