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Therapy (Humanistic Psychotherapy # (religious, spiritual, and cultural…
Therapy
Humanistic Psychotherapy
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religious, spiritual, and cultural healing
materialism
alter biological system for treatment
lacking "psychological procedures
observable benefits
similar to religious/indigenous practices
unique to humans
use language to reconstruct view of world
inferences about internal states
explanation important for change
evaluate trustworthiness of therapist
advocates practice what they preach
emphasis on caring
make people more effective human beings
clients main focus
start from scratch each time with new patient
Cognitive therapy
precise, straight forward, methodological
challenge clients irrational beliefs
establish relationship with client
make an assessment of situation
repeat patients statements
establish the good, also goals
broaden patients perspective
examine options
reinforce independence, self help, and optimism
one option is to feel as bad as you can for a set hour during the day
no emotive to it
collaborative
no emotive; sympathizing and being heard
client must have own realizations
Therapy for people with disabilities
learn about disability paradigms and models and their implications for service provision
examine beliefs and emotional reactions towards disabilities and determine how they might affect their work
dont over or under emphasize their disability
increase knowledge and skills about working with people with disabilities
learn about the laws that support and protect people with disabilities
provide a barrier free physical and communication environment so people with disabilities can seek treatment
use appropriate language and respectful behavior
understand common and unique aspects of people with disabilities; everyone's story is different
recognize cultural and social diversity
understand how the persons disability affects development throughout life
know that families of people with disabilities also have strengths and challenges
know that people with disabilities are at an increased risk for abuse and watch out for signs
learn about new technology and its benefits and challenges
intervention
collaborate with client and family to get best intervention plan
be flexible, accommodate needs
recognize that interventions may focus on enhancing well being; may simply want better lives
advocate for the client
recognize and address promotion of health
Solution Focused Therapy
amplify strengths and apply to probelm
strengths of the family instead of problems
3 types of people who visit
customer
client wanting to make changes
complaintant
client interested in change for another
visitor
involuntary client made to attend
main goal=terminate treatment
take responsibility for own change
align with clients goals
reframing
giving credit-positive behaviors previously seen as negative
normalizing
educate parents on what is normal for kids at that age
what goals need to be achieved
empower clients, they take credit for their success
compliment child, positive reinforcement
reward for good behavior
roleplay situations so child is prepared
rank progress on scales with client (scaling questions)
client centered therapy
rejects medicine as first method of treatment
restores clients "congruence" through them experiencing themselves through therapists unconditional regard
be of help to client
client determines process/content of each session
share and surrender power
don't want to diagnose
tentative tone with client
dont put words in clients mouth
therapist verbally following what client is saying
avoid provoking anything other than mild anxiety in clients
systematic desesnsitization
5 R's of treatment
Response-reduction in symptom severity
remission-return to normal
recovery- significant period of time after remission
relapse- return of symptoms before recovery
recurrence- return of symptoms after full recovery
Pyschotherapy
#
Originally Doctorate level requirement
Masters level taking over
doesn't decrease psychotherapy effectiveness
still need doctorate level to supervise
expand to community outreach, poverty and school systems, prevention for exercise, safe sex, reducing serious illness
do assessments on people
sought out because overwhelmed or have relationship conflict
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mastery over problems
repetitive maladaptive behaviors should become less frequent
dynamic therapy
insight to personality; links between past ways of relating and present, tolerance for thoughts/feelings
mastery gained when person understands and feels in control
#
doesn't completely get rid of relationship conflicts
we know therapy works but we don't know why or how
empirical studies show it's effective
as effective as medical practices
emotion focused therapy
role of emotion in therapy
used for depression
interpretations dont have to be correct
poor don't often seek help
treated differently
treatment failures
they can still benefit from help
Eurocentric-tailored to white people
counselor awareness of own assumptions, values, biases
conversation, not interrogation
Rational emotive behavior therapy
precursor to CBT
forceful, active, direct
not selfish for focusing on you; focus on self
confidence in own judgement
develop clients goals and confidence
therapist needs to show that they are on the clients side
cut out negative thoughts/actions/behaviors
quick recovery
no warm, personal affection
Dialectical Behavior Therapy
empirical support for treatment of borderline personality disorder
difficult t treat
disruption of ability to regulate emotions
guided by behavior therapy
refer to everything humans do
function of behavior and context in which behavior occurs
interventions include skills, training, exposure, contingency management, and cognitive restructuring
target problematic behaviors
functional analysis
individualized assessment and treatment
Group Therapy
no consensus as to why clients improve
perceive and experience same things in different ways
potential curative factors
imparting of information, instillation of hope, universality, altruism, the corrective recapitulation of the primary family group, development of socializing techniques, imitative behavior, interpersonal learning, group cohesiveness, catharsis
therapist rely on nonverbal communication
choices based on the needs of the group
intervention will be helpful as long as it focuses on the groups attention on either the interaction between group members or groups avoidance of primary task
direct group to the "here and now"
Multiple Therapy Session
One client, multiple therapists
Talk therapy
quick response
clients might give up if no quick resposne
shrink stigma of therapy
evaluate severity
phone therapy, individual or group therapy
use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
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high recovery rate
use materials or online sources to help before in person
Freud made it scientific
therapists
behavioral
actions and consequences
cognitive
thinking and attributions
dynamic
#
unconscious
process experiential
adaptive emotional responses
need to be trained
The gifted child as a psychotherapist
repression of feelings leads to therapist using patients to meet own unmet needs
needs unmet at a child; learn not to experience feelings
in therapy, suffering person becomes articulate and breaks from compliant attitudes
need to recognize wrongdoings
psychotherapists suffer from emotional disturbance
must live with reality of past
need to resolve own repression
Adlerian Psychotherapy
homosexuality is a choice
cognitive therapy
focus on beliefs, values, and attitudes of patient/client
individuals in movement towards certain goals
encourage to move towards useful, adaptive lifestyle
offered encouragement from therapist
form relationship
quality of alliance very important
unintentional bias can affect it
success depends on alliance
therapists contribution
flexible, honest, respectful, trustworthy, confident, warm, interested, open
investigate past and present to understand client
points out assets to client
Family systems theory
how complex systems interact with each other
used to compare past to explain present
systematic questioning
understanding the reason
exploring family patterns
help women move out of "dysfunctional" family patterns
Intervention with neglectful mothers
review mothers past
psychoanalytic psychotherapy
transference, repetition of past in present, interpretation
alliance with therapist
provide strength and support
role model/"parent"
baby always present in sessions
give info about what babies at certain ages need
show how past has been influencing the present
therapist has duty to intervene with authorities if refusing treatment
Mindfulness
training mind to focus on moment-to-moment experiences
changing the brain-stimulates growth of myelin-neurplasticity
might lead to growth of middle prefrontal fibers
insight medication
focus on awareness and where awareness is
accepting self and experiences
alter synapses to unlearn old patterns and form new ones
Love/Emotionally focused therapy
need love to survive; becoming more and more important
need to be emotionally dependent on someone; its a strength
need ties to others to survive
couples instructed on how to communicate more effectively
get rid of destructive sequences
can always repair relationship
Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy
countertransference-feelings towards the client
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use them to analyze and make therapy better and learn more about patient
connection/realtionship/therapeutic alliance important for therapy
#
therapist not process that is crucial for change
dream interpretations-hidden deeper psychological meaning
analyze personality functiona dn meanign of symptoms
no game plan for therapy
Multicultural psychotherapy
cultural genogram
importance of culture in therapy and treatment
cultural resonance
ability to understand clients via clinical skill, cultural competence, and intuition
cultural interpretation of dreams
reconnect with ethnic roots
acknowledge importance of spirituality
Motivational Interviewing and CBT
convince to consider change
motivation has to come from client
establish therapeutic alliance
motivational interviewing
listen clearly and carefully, summarize/paraphrase
CBT
flexibility
help change behaviors with drug use; increase positive behaviors
behavior therapy
try to get person to change thoughts/rationalization
see that they need to change
patient therapist
covert sensitization
pairing arousal with negative image/though
wont asssociate image with sexual; used for pedophilia
Existential Psychotherapy
reason with client
support
dream interpretation
change clients thinking
Interpersonal Therapy
treatment for depression
focus on interpersonal disputes
the therapist
seeks information
explores parallels in various relationships
explores relationship problems
explores clients communication patterns
acknowledgement of what patient is experiencing and support
the therapist is the guide and the client figures out and solves problems themselves
Individual child therapy
therapist repeats and confirms everything the child says
the child is in control
clay, dolls, doll houses, paint, crayons
way for children to express their feelings and have them acknowledged
channeled through what they play with and how they play
"uncovering" psychotherapy with child
play therapy
clay, toys
freudian ideas of developmental stages-oral, anal, etc
stories that represent the child and what he or she is experiencing
transference
Couples therapy
men more likely to stonewall
failures of empathy and responsiveness create wounds that are hard to heal
attachment injury resolution model
helps couples forgive and learn to trust again
learn to express needs, be vulnerable, feel safe
Mindfulness
Acceptance based behavior therapy
treatment of GAD
integration of CBT and mindfulness therapies
list of self compassionate responses
mindful breathing exercise
mindful progressive muscle relaxation
mindfulness in relationships
Dialectical Behavior therapy
highly structured
use DBT skills for self injury
good for treating borderline personality disorder
awareness of emotions, thoughts, experiences
"cognitive diffusion"
ability to notice thoughts and feelings as mental events
see negative experiences as passing thoughts and feelings rather than absolute truths
flexibility
Yalom Therapy
building that alliance with the patient very important
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she would have left therapy if they didn't
used her personality style to relate to her and help her
gets her vulnerable and able to open up=important
not about analyzing the patient, but about making the bad/negative behavior stop
Sex in therapy
therapists used to have sex with clients
mostly 40+ year old male therapist with young female client
it is not moral
abuse of power; power trip
it does not provide benefits to the client
if it did, they would be having sex with everyone
more distressed after sleeping with client
taking advantage of vulnerable woman
is a form of sex discrimination against women
metoo
men talk about how they feel bad about previous sexual encounters with women during therapy
made the woman feel uncomfortable
forces men to talk about uncomfortable topics in therapy
men spend little time with their feelings
heal when held accountable
cyclotherapy
issues are never resolved once and for all in therapy
treatment for ASD
important; if not treated, can lead to worse problems
technotherapy
help people develop skills to manage anxiety or to self soothe or to think differently about their problems
most therapists have negative reactions towards clients-countertransference
people can get either better or worse than people who receive no therapy
Family therapy
Gestalt Psychotherapy
reflective therapist, repeat answers
establish contact with therapist
encouragement/reasoning
see and acknowledge struggles of client; reassuring
help to access fuller range of experience and gain identity
therapist present and empathetic
repetitive loops not often addressed in gestalt therapy
ability to orientate to growth, health, and change as well as distress, despair, and pain
the experiencing of phenomena
life in the moment
emotions between people
stay present in emotional field
Forgiveness in therapy
simply covers up hatred
can't resolve patterns of self destruction
refusing to forgive gives up illusions
not forgiving helps establish own truth
Family Therapy-Greek Chorus (opposite therapy?)
group of observing therapists who remain behind one-way mirror
prescribed enmeshment; opposite of what needs to happen
needs to be able to say no to the crazy opposite therapy suggestions in order to get better
Integrative psychotherapy
accommodate clients preferences in therapy
systematic treatment selection
patients are thoughtfully and scientifically matched with a variety of specific therapeutic approaches
no treatment methods work well on all patients
goal= reduce risk by limiting self destructive behaviors
facilitate insight and personal and emotional awareness
learning and developing new skills
establish support system
look at old and new family scripts
what could be done in a new way
look at parents past
how does their past influence them
therapist in charge of session
emotional referee
space redistribution
get family physically closer to each other and facing each other
"I am like you"-starts session
the patients problem impacts the family as well
encourage client to talk
normalize client behavior
use therapist feelings to address problems
challenge family schema
assign family tasks to work on
promote conflict
support, alliance/relationship with therapist