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Tissues (Connective (Cartilage (Hyaline (Description: Amorphous but firm…

- - - - Areolar
        
        Description: Gel-like matrix with all three fiber types and fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, and some white blood cells
        
        Function: Wraps and cushions organs; macrophages phagocytize bacteria; plays important role in inflammation; holds and conveys tissue fluid
        
        Location: Widely distributed under epithelia of body, forms lamina propia of mucous membranes; packages organs; surrounds capillaries
      - Adipose
        
        Description: Matrix as in areolar, but very sparse; closely packed adipocytes (fat cells), have nucleus pushed to the side by large fat droplets
        
        Function: Provides reserve food fuel; insulates against heat loss; supports and protects organs
        
        Location: Under skin in subcutaneous tissue; around kidneys and eyeballs; within abdomen; in breasts
      - Reticular
        
        Description: Loose network of reticular fibers in a gel-like ground substance; reticular cells lie on the fibers
        
        Function: Fibers form a soft internal skeleton (stroma) that supports other cell types including white blood cells, mast cells, and macrophages
        
        Location: Lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen)
    - - Regular
        
        Description: Primarily parallel collagen fibers; a few elastic fibers; major cell type is fibroblast
        
        Function: attaches muscles to bones or to muscles; attaches bones to bones; withstands great tensile stress when pulling force is applied in one direction
        
        Location: Tendons, most ligaments, aponeuroses
      - Irregular
        
        Description: Primarily irregularly arranged collagen fibers; some elastic fibers; fibroblast is the major cell type
        
        Function: Withstands tension exerted in many directions; provides structural strength
        
        Location: Fibrous capsules of organs and of joints; dermis of the skin; submucosa of digestive tract
      - Elastic
        
        Description: Dense regular connective tissue containing a high proportion of elastic fibers
        
        Function: Allows tissues to recoil after stretching; maintains pulsatile flow of blood through arteries; aids passive recoil of lungs following inspiration
        
        Location: Walls of large arteries; within certain ligaments associated with the vertebral column; within the walls of the bronchial tubes
  - - - Description: Amorphous but firm matrix; collagen fibers form an imperceptible network; chondroblasts produce the matrix and when mature ( as chondrocytes) lie in lacunae
      - Function: Supports and reinforces; serves as resilient cushion; resists compressive stress
      - Location: Forms most embryonic skeleton; covers the ends of long bones in joint cavities; forms costal cartilages of the ribs; cartilages of the nose, trachea, and larynx
    - - Description: Similar to hyaline cartilage, but more elastic fibers in matrix
      - Function: Maintains the shape of a structure while allowing it great flexibility
      - Location: Supports the external ear (pinna); epiglottis
    - - Description: Matrix similar to but less firm than that in hyaline cartilage; thick collagen fibers predominate
      - Location: Intervertebral discs; pubic symphysis; discs of knee joint
      - Function: Tensile strength allows it to absorb compressive shock
- - - - Description: Single layer of flattened cells w/ disc-shaped central nuclei and sparse cytoplasm; simplest
      - Function: Allows material to pass by by diffusion and filtration where protection is not important; secretes lubricating substances into serosae
      - Location: Kidney glomeruli; air sacs of lungs; lining of heart & blood vessels & lymphatic vessels; serosae
    - - Location: Kidney tubules; ducts and secretory portions of small glands; ovary surface
      - Description: Single layer of cubelike cells w/ large, spherical central nuclei
      - Function: Secretion and absorption
    - - Description: Single layer of tall cells w/ round to oval nuclei; many cells bear microvilli, some bear cilia; layer may contain goblet cells
      - Function: Absorption; secretion of mucus, enzymes, and other substances; ciliated type propels mucus (or reproductive cells) by ciliary action
      - Location: Nonciliated type lines most of the digestive tract (stomach to rectum), gallbladder, and excretory ducts of some glands; ciliated variety lines small bronchi, uterine tubes, and some regions of the uterus
    - - Description: Single layer of cells of differing heights, some not reaching the free surface; nuclei seen at different levels; may contain mucus-secreting cells and bear cilia
      - Function: Secrete substances, particularly mucus; propulsion of mucus by ciliary action
      - Location: Ciliated variety lines the trachea and most of the upper respiratory tract; nonciliated type in males' sperm-carrying ducts and ducts of large glands
  - - - Description: Only its apical layer of cells is columnar
      - Function: Protection and support
      - Location: Occurs at transition areas or junctions between two other types of epithelia. Small amounts in pharynx, male urethra, and lining some glandular ducts
    - - Description: Two layers of cuboidal cells
      - Function: Protects against mechanical or chemical stress
      - Location: In larger glands (sweat glands, mammary glands)
    - - Description: Thick epithelium composed several cell layers; basal cells are cuboidal or columnar and metabolically active; surface cells are flattened (squamous); keratinized type - surface cells are full of keratin and dead; basal cells - active in mitosis and produce cells of the more superficial layer
      - Function: Protection underlying tissues in areas subjected to abrasion
      - Location: Nonkeratinized type forms the moist linings of the esophagus & mouth & vagina; keratinized forms the epidermis of the skin (dry)
    - - Description: Resembles both stratified squamous and stratified cuboidal; basal cells cuboidal or columnar; surface cells dome shaped or squamouslike (depending on degree of organ stretch)
      - Function: Stretches readily, permits stored urine to distend urinary organ
      - Location: Lines the ureters, bladder, and part of the urethra