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Ch 11: Bio-diversity (11.1: Bio-Diversity? Genetic Species Diversity…
Ch 11: Bio-diversity
11.1: Bio-Diversity?
Genetic
Species Diversity and
Ecosystem Diversity
Ecosystem Diversity
1.1.1 Bio Diversity Status
1.75m species (or) 8% of the total species
6% of the world species are in India
45,000 plants (or) 12% of the world's flora
2 (out 12) Hotspots
11.3: Natural Vegetation and Wild Life
11.3.1: Natural Vegetation of India
(ii) Tropical Deciduous Forests
75-200 cm Rainfall
Sheds their Leaves
Western Ghats, Eastern Region, Deccan, North-Eastern Region
Teak, Bamboo, Sal, Shisham, Sandalwood, Peepal, Khair, Arjun etc
(iii) Thorn Forests
Less than 75 cm rainfall
Parts of Gujarat, Rajasthan, MP, Chattisgarh, UP, Haryana, Karnataka, AP, and Maha
Acacia, Babul, cacti, Khair, date and palms
(iv) Tidal Forests
Swampy - Sundarbans, Mahanadi, Godhavari, Kriishna, Kaveri deltas
Mangrove - Coconut, Palm, Agar
(v) Himalayan Forests
0-1000 m - Sal and Bamboo
1000 - 2000m (Evergreen) - Oak and Chestnut
1500-3500 m; 100 - 250 cm Rainfall : Oak, Laurel, Chestnut, Cedar, Sliver, Fir, Deodar etc
3000 - 3800 m (Alpine Forest) - Pine, Birch, Sliver, Rhododendron Trees
(i) Tropical Evergreen Forests
200 cm Rainfall
Rosewood, Ebony, Mahagony, Rubber, Jack wood etc
Western Ghats, Upper parts of Assam, Andaman & Nicobar Islands
11.3.2: Wildlife in India
Wildlife Sanctuary (Mudumalai)
National Park (Jim Corbett)
Wetlands
Biosphere Reserves
11.2: Significance of Bio-Diversity
11.2.1: Causes of Loss of Bio-Diversity
18,788 species out of 52,017 (36%) are threatened with extinction
Out of 5,490 mammals, 78 are extinct, 188 critically endangered, 540 endangered and 492 vulnerable
Out of 1,895 out of 6,285 (30%) Amphibians are threatened.
11.4: Need of Conservation of Bio-Diversity