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Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants (Parts of a Flower (Flowering…
Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
Parts of a Flower
Flowering plants are called
Angiosperms
- they produce seeds that are inside fruits
Stamen & Carpel/Pistil
are the male & female reproductive parts of the flower and contain the germ cells
Flowers may be
unisexual or bisexual
Unisexual flowers contain stamen or carpel - eg: papaya, water melon
Bisexual flowers contain stamen & carpel - eg: Hibiscus, mustard
Stamen is the male reproductive part & produces yellow pollen grains
It is made of
anther
(contains
pollen
) &
filament
Carpel or pistil is the female part of the flower & is present in the center of the flower
It has three parts -
stigma, style & ovary
The swollen bottom part is the ovary, the middle elongated part is style & the top sticky part is the stigma
The ovary contains the
ovule
that contains an
egg cell
Pollination
The pollen needs to be transferred from the stamen to the stigma
If the transfer of pollen from anther to stigma occurs in the
same flower
, it is called
self pollination
If the transfer of pollen occurs from one flower to another, it is called
cross pollination
It is carried out by
pollinating agents
such as wind, water or animals
Germination
After fertilization, the
zygote
divides several times & develops into an
embryo
The
ovule
develops a tough coat & becomes the
seed
The
ovary
grows, ripens to become the
fruit
The petals, sepals, stamen, style & stigma shrivel & fall off
The seed develops into a seedling under appropriate conditions - this is called
germination
The
plumule
becomes the shoot & the
radicle
becomes the root
The
cotyledon
is the food store
Fertilization
After the pollen lands on the stigma, it has to reach the female germ cells inside the ovary
For this, a
pollen tube
grows out of the pollen grain & travels through the style to reach the ovary
The male germ cell inside the pollen fuses with the female germ cell inside the ovule - this process is called
Fertilization
The fusion of the germ cells leads to the formation of a
zygote
which is capable of growing into a new plant