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Particulate Nature of Matter (Diffusion (Factors affecting rate of…
Particulate Nature of Matter
Kinetic Particle Theory
Particles
It refers to any small portion of matter, which could be atoms, or even smaller things the atoms consist of
Brownian Motion
Constant and random motion
Different amount of spaces between particles of different state
Particles are small, cannot be seen without microscope
Different states in different states of matter
This explains the Brownian motion
The pollen grains collide with water molecules, which were moving about randomly, causing them to move as well
EVIDENCE
Spaces between particles
1) 50cm³ water + 50cm³ of alcohol= total vol ㄑ100cm³
↳The water molecules take up spaces between alcohol molecules
2) Gases can be compressed. The gas molecules can move closer together with less space between them when compressed.
Movement of particles
• The smell of perfume diffuses to all parts of the room, showing that particles move from one place to another
Diffusion
Movement of particles from a region of higher to lower concentration
Factors affecting rate of diffusion
Relative Molecular Mass (Mr) of gas
Gases with lower molecular mass diffuse faster
Strong Wind Movements
Temperature
Particles gain more energy as temperature increases. They move faster and this increases the rate of diffusion.
Diffusion do not occur in solids because
They do not move from place to place to allow diffusion to occur
Solids have low kinetic energy and very strong attractive forces
Gain kinetic energy
K.E. ↑, Temp. ↑
State Changes
K.E. (no change), P.E. ↑
Characteristics
6- Protons
12- Protons+Neutrons
Relative Molecular Mass is calculated by summing up the relative atomic Masses that make up a molecule
E.g. Water (H20)
Mr= (2x1)+16=18
Change of State
Thermal Energy- Increases P.E. of substance
Change of state- Latent heat of fusion
