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LEVERS. P2 (2.1 Single Second-Class Lever (effort further than fulcrum,…
LEVERS. P2
2.1 Single Second-Class Lever
effort further than fulcrum, move more than load
single
bottle opener, load inbetween fulcrum & effort, same direction
e.g. wheel barrow - load = inside; effort = handles & fulcrum = wheel's axle
1. FIRST-CLASS & LINKED LEVERS
provides MA
uses position of fulcrum
move heavy loads easily
1.1 Single First-Class Levers
MA depends on fulcrum's position
further away from fulcrum applied effort, bigger load lifted
pivot forces effort & load in opposite directions
1.2 Linked First-Class Levers
used for:
cutting
gripping
clamping objects
fulcrum's position creates MA
fulcrum is where levers join
2.2 Linked Second-Class Levers
MA, how close load to fulcrum is
used for:
lifting
crushing
squeezing objects
very strong
EXAMPLES
paper scissors
- no MA, effort to fulcrum & load to fulcrum is equal
secateurs
- effort to fulcrum is long & load to fulcrum is short
long handles
short blades
length of blades & length of handles reduce force needed OR
greater MA > 1
increase distance over which work can be done
EXAMPLES
OFFICE PUNCH
E > L
MA > 1
point fixed to structure - end of linkage
HEAVY-DUTY STAPLER
distance handle to fulcrum - reduces force needed to staple
MA > 1
load closer to fulcrum than effort
2. SECOND-CLASS & LINKED LEVERS
effort forces load & effort in same direction