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CAPSULES: Hard Gelatin (Nature of Capsule Content (Tablets, Capsules,…
CAPSULES: Hard Gelatin
Types of Gelatin
Type A: derived from acid treated precursor that exhibit iso electric point at pH 9. mainly from pork skin.
Type B: derived from alkali treated precursor that exhibit iso electric point at pH 4.7. mainly from animal bones.
Manufacturing hard gelatin capsules
Spinning
Drying
Dipping
Stripping
Trimming & Joining
Polishing
Preparation of hard gelatin capsule
Filling capsule shells
Sealing of capsule shells
Formulation development & capsule size selection
Diluents: increase volume
Glidants/Lubricants: good flow property, form coat to lubricate
Wetting agents: improve wetting if hydrophobic drug powder
Disintegrating agents: ease penetrate to gastric fluid
Cleaning & polishing of filled capsules
Gelatin
Basic Properties
Nature of the Capsule Shell
Bloom/Gel Strength
Nature of Capsule Content
Tablets
Capsules
Beads
Pastes
Granules
Liquids
Powders
Formulation of capsules
Uses: solubility in stomach fluids
Contain: plasticizers, preservative, colorants, opacifying agents, flavours, sugars, acids, enteric material, water, etc.
PLASTICIZER: glycerin, sorbitol
PRESERVATIVE: methylparaben, propylparaben
FLAVOUR: <2% ethylvanillin/essential oils
SUGAR: up to 5% for desirable chewable characteristics
COLORANTS: Regulatory approval, product protection & marketing, pt acceptance, global presentation (iron oxide, titanium dioxide, blue #2)