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As Far As Reasonably Practicable(SFAIRP) Railway Safety Regulatory…
As Far As Reasonably Practicable(SFAIRP) Railway Safety Regulatory Regime
Decision Making
Analyzing
Stretegic
Strategic effects are taken into account
Real strategic difficulties are considered
Qualitative
Safety risks are assessed and balanced
Based on the size of a problem this analysis is undertaken as qualitative risk assessment
Targeted engagement
Professional judgement should be made in taking decision
Judgement needs to be a defendable one
Existing good practice
Effective and easily accessible information is provided
A threshold which helps to reduce risk
Control options
Highest level of protection is given as risk control option
Hierarchy of controls
Substitution
Materials replaced with hazardous ones
Isolation
Risk is isolated by barriers
Engineering
Risk reduced by engineering controls
Design
Risk reduced by redesigning of materials
Administrative
Risk reduced with safe work practices
Individual
Risk reduced with personal protective equipment
Taking the decision
Pure safety decision
Cost
Performance
Safety
Applying judgement
The amount of judgement should be taken under consideration and applied
Scoping the decision
In-depth analysis to support decision
Helps to achieve efficient outcomes
Responsible in taking decision
Duty's holder takes decision
Operation or managerial decision
Takes a decision on organisation structure and hierarchy
Reviewing
Changes to the availability of risk elimination
Changes to cost implementing risk elimination
Observations are made on risk control measures
changes in frequency of services
Continuous Improvement
New risks control should be taken
Changes in consequences may have an impact on previous decisions
New assets can be developed
Likelihood and Consequence
Degree of harm
More work should be done to eliminate or minimize the risk
Ways in eliminating risks
Minimizing likelihood and degree of harm helps to reduce risk
New or higher risks should not be introduced
Impacts
Likelihood of the hazard
Occurrence of risk
Methodology
Knowledge
Internally
Regulations
Consulting other industries and their practices
Externally
Past incidents
Practices followed by others
Analysis
Semi-quantitative risk analysis
Using fatality statistics helps to ground the outcomes
Risk workshop process
Index numbers are related to actual risk
Qualitative analysis
Expert judgement
Multidisciplinary groups are used for evaluation
Bow tie methodology
Low risk hazards are documented
Control measures for hazards are illustrated
Structured interviews and questionarries
Quantitative analysis
Risk is high
Risk is highest in duty holder's principle list
Extremely high risk is considered when there is a novel change
Analysis
Quantitative risk
Fault tree
Event tree
Improving risk and maintaining
Value for preventing a fatility
Staging options
Reworking of a project
Implementing annual work program
Requires improvements in new project