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Cofactors & Other Enzymes (Cofactors (Coenzymes (NAD+ (Used breakdown…
Cofactors & Other Enzymes
Cofactors
Vitamin derived
Coenzymes
CoASH
Biotin
Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)
NAD+
Used breakdown reactions
NADP
Has phosphate group; biosynthesis reactions
Inhibition
P-O is common
P-S, P-F are lab made
Glucokinase vs Hexokinase
Glucokinase
Location: Small intestine, beta cells, liver cells
Allosteric regulation
Purpose: Signal for glucose production
Hexokinase
Location: RBC, muscle, heart
Follows Michaelis-Menton kinetics (Hexokinase I)
Purpose: Phosphorylation (trapping reactions)
Glycogen phosphorylase
Mobilizes glycogen store
Mechanisms
Non-covalent
AMP levels (when levels are high)
Covalent
Phosphorylase kinase
Activated by cyclic AMP
Cyclic AMP binds to R units to release catalytic units