Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Bleeding disorder :red_circle: (:sparkles:Physiology of hemostasis…
Bleeding disorder
:red_circle:
Content
:star:
:sparkles:
Physiology of hemostasis
Primary
hemostasis
Vascular phase
Vss injury ➭ endothelial lining disruption
Platelet phase
Plt adhesion ➭ release reaction
Plt aggregation ➭ plt clump
Secondary
hemostasis
Coagulation phase
Coagulation cascade
Waterfall
cascade
coagulation cascade
*not found in human
Cell based c
ascade :girl::skin-tone-2:
found in human:star:
3 phases
Initiation
Amplification
Propogation
Coagulation factors
ALL
factors
are syn. in Liver
Serine proteases: FII, FVII, FIX, FX, FXI and FXII
Cofactor: TF, FV, FVIII
Vitamin-K dependent carboyxlase: FII, FVII, FIX, FX
*all need Vit. K to change into active form
Except
vWF
produced in Endothelial cell that lines inside surface of blood vss
Fibrinolytic phase
3 domains
2 d-domain
1 e-domain
if cut :scissors: at e domain ➭ D-dimer
:sparkles:
Approach to bleeding disorder
:books:
Hx taking
:grey_question:Ask what
Abnormal bleeding?
Spontaneous or Trauma?
Stop bleeding when?
Onset? เป็นตั้งแต่ตอนไหน?
Multiple site?
Hx of vaccination ➭ มีบวม? มีเลือดออก?
Family Hx
เคยผ่าตัดแล้วเลือดออกมั้ย?
:video_game:
PE
Local vs General, spontaneous
Hematoma & Joint bleeding (coagulation)
Skin/Mucosal - petechiae & purpura (plt)
Wound/Surgical bleeding
Immediate (plt)
Delayed (coagulation)
:male-scientist::skin-tone-5:
Inx
CBC
-- plt count
Bleeding time
for 1° hemostasis (Blood vss, Plt)
➭ ivy template method 3-8 min
Venous clotting time
- 15 min
Procedure
เจาะเลือดด้วย Two-syringe method from vein ~2 mL then start timing when blood enter 2nd syringe
ใส่เลือดใน tube
:warning: อย่าให้มีฟองอากาศในหลอดแก้ว
:warning: เลือดแตะปลาย syringe ให้ชิดกับผนังหลอดแก้วเวลาใส่
put tube into waterbath 37°C (if no waterbath ➭ กำหลอดไว้ในมือได้)
when timing got 1 min ➭ elevate tube up ~4°C ➭ สังเกตว่าเลือดไหลมาตามผิวของหลอดที่เอียงหรือไม่ ➭
ทำ q 1 min until blood clot -- ไม่ไหลตามผิวของหลอดที่เอียง & สามารถคว่ำ 180° ได้
เจาะ when?
สงสัยงูกัด(แมวเซา กะปะ เขียวหางไหม้)
ดู hematotoxin or not?
Russell's viper ➭ X, V
สงสัยยุงกัด
Values
Normal: 5-15 min
Prolonged when coagulation factor < 1%
Prothrombin time
PT
(Extrinsic 2,5,10 +7)
➭ Acquired ds, Liver ds, Warfarin therapy
aPTT
(Intrinsic 2,5,10 +8,9,12)
➭ Hemophilia, Congenital
Thrombin time
TT
(Common path, Fibrinogen)
➭ DIC, Heparin therapy
Values
Modified ivy method
< 7 min
(ทำโดยวัด BP 40 mmHg ➭ ค่อยเจาะ)
Abn. Labs
:male-scientist::skin-tone-4:
:fire_engine:
Isolated prolonged PT
Early
warfarin
therapy, heparin at High conc
it
blocks Vit K
(affecting FII, FVII, FIX, FX)
Prolonged both PT, APTT but monitor by PT
Occasional dysfibrinogenemia or Hypofibrinogenemia
Rarely common pathyway protein defects
FVII def
:fire_engine:
Isolated prolonged aPTT
Disorder of Intrinsic system
Heparin treatment
:fire_engine:
Prolonged PT & aPTT
Various medical conditions
Anticoagulants; warfarin and heparin
Liver ds
Vit. K def
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
Dysfibrinogenemias
Defects in common pathway proteins (rare)
➭ II, V, X
Associated with bleeding?
:check:
VIII
IX
XI
:green_cross:
XII
Prekallikrein
High molecular weight kininogen
:sparkles:
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)
:sparkles:
Hemophilia
:tropical_fish:
Mx of bleeding disorder
:honey_pot:
Vessels
abnormality
Vasculitis
Scurvy
:honey_pot:
Platelet
abnormality
Thrombocytopenia
Plt dysfunction
Congenital
Acquired
:honey_pot:
Coagulation factor
abnormality
Congential
Acquired