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Nephrotic Syndrome (Assessment Findings and Symptoms ((Severe swelling…
Nephrotic Syndrome
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Pathophysiology
Damaged glomerular basement membrane causes an increase in permeability taht allows proteins to leak out through Bowmans Capsule and Proximal tubule
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Production of aldesterone and angiotensin II is stimulated to bring vasoconstriction and an elevated blood pressure
Medical Management
Blood pressure medications
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors reduce blood pressure and also reduce the amount of protein released in urine. Medications in this category include benazepril (Lotensin), captopril and enalapril (Vasotec)
Diuretics
Diuretic medications typically include furosemide (Lasix). Others may include spironolactone (Aldactone) and thiazides, such as hydrochlorothiazide.
Anti Coagulants
Such as heparin or warfarin may assist if you are aat risk of developing future clots
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Causes
Diabetic kidney disease.
Diabetes can lead to kidney damage (diabetic nephropathy) that affects the glomeruli.
Minimal change disease.
This is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children. Minimal change disease results in abnormal kidney function, but when the kidney tissue is examined under a microscope, it appears normal or nearly normal. The cause of the abnormal function typically can't be determined.
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.
Characterized by scattered scarring of some of the glomeruli, this condition may result from another disease or a genetic defect or occur for no known reason.
Membranous nephropathy.
This kidney disorder is the result of thickening membranes within the glomeruli. The exact cause of the thickening isn't known, but it's sometimes associated with other medical conditions, such as hepatitis B, malaria, lupus and cancer.
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Amyloidosis.
This disorder occurs when substances called amyloid proteins accumulate in your organs. Amyloid buildup often affects the kidneys, damaging their filtering system.
Blood clot in a kidney vein. Renal vein thrombosis, which occurs when a blood clot blocks a vein connected to the kidney, can cause nephrotic syndrome.
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Heath Education
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Limit foods that increase blood sugar levels when taking medications that can lead to weight gain, such as steroids
Risk Factors
Medical conditions that can damage your kidneys.
Certain diseases and conditions increase your risk of developing nephrotic syndrome, such as diabetes, lupus, amyloidosis and other kidney diseases.
Certain medications.
Examples of medications that can cause nephrotic syndrome include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and drugs used to fight infections.
Certain infections.
Examples of infections that increase the risk of nephrotic syndrome include HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C and malaria.