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Environmental criminology (What it looks at (Offenders, victims, criminal…
Environmental criminology
What it looks at
Offenders, victims, criminal targets,
laws in specific settings
Particular time and place
Socio-demographic, spatial and temporal
Explains crime in terms of environmental influences
Looks at crime patterns
Multidisciplinary, empirical and utilitarian
Other explanations
(psychological, social)
Offender's acquired deviance (prior years)
Focus on changing individual criminality
Removing social disadvantage
Early intervention - enriching childhoods
Offender rehabilitation
Systematic and analytical process
Provides information on crime patterns and crime trend correlations
Provide tactical advice to police on deployment of resources, planning, evaluation and crime prevention
Environmental criminology and crime analysis (ECCA): Relationship between crime and immediate environment.
Focus on current crime dynamics
Aim: Prevent crime not cure offenders, or social reform
3 propositions
Criminal behavior significantly influenced by immediate environment
Environment not a passive backdrop
Fundamental role in initiating crime
Crime results not from criminogenic individuals but criminogenic elements of the crime scene
Distribution of crime in time and space is not random
Concentrated around crime opportunities
Suburbs, time, week, months
Criminogenic environment and crime patterns - powerful weapons in investigations, control and crime prevention.
Concentrate resources
Changing criminogenic elements of environment