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KERALA FLOODS (In news (Flash flood guidance system (How it works? (Using…

- - - - Tele-connected gauges in headwater catchments
      - This will also enable development of catchment htdrological models
      - Sharing of hydrological and rainfall data to forge meaningful partnerships between Govt, academic, and civil society
      - Need to understand Spatial and Temporal dimensions of emerging changes in Rainfall regime
    - - State should submit EAP to central govt
      - Would Help predict areas more affected by any break and provide evacuation contingencies
      - KL got early warning from Central water commission, hence it raises questions
    - - Need to link adaptive and timely water release to early warning systems and ensuring ecological flows downstream
      - Present Paradigm for maximising water resources for production/ irrigation has dangerous consequences
      - Dam water should have been released in Intervals than at once
    - - Deforestation responsible for Landlsides
      - Wetlands have disappeared because of Urbanisation and Infrastructure hrowth
    - - Sub-surface Pathways can transfer large quantities of rain in headwater catchment to streams
      - The subsurface watershed resistance time decreases
        non-linearly as rain intensity rises
    - - Land-Use on steep slopes, low-lying areas need to be regulated to manage life, property and Eco-system
      - Removal of sand from rivers needs regulations and Alternatives to be looked for
  - - - Focus is only on hydel-power generation, and not risks involved on over-dependence on electricity
      - Reduction of dependency on dams and moving on with other renewable energy projects
      - India should look at decentralised
        alternatives that involve water recycling and reuse
      - Critical review of each and every dam is
        required.
        Govt should decommission those which are near ending
      - Stop building new ones and establish strong safety protocols
    - - Task of dam and water management is vested with various departments
      - Contradictory opinions from various dept makes it difficult to implement decisions
      - State dam security authority should be entrusted powers to decision making
      - Integration wth NDMA, National water commisison needed to prevent any further floods in future
- - - - Using remote sensing -based rainfall estimates and rainfall forecasts, it analyses conditions that may trigger flash floods
      - Observed and forecated rainfall amounts are compared with how much rainfall is needed to exceed soil and channel storage capacities, resulting in flooding
      - Forecasters incorporate their experience with local conditions, additional data and information, and nay last minute local observations from other stations
      - This system works with global coverage includes 52 countries and serves more than 2 billion poeple
- - - - It shall evolve dam safety
        policies
      - It will recommend
        necessary regulations as required for purpose
    - - It is a regulatory body
      - It maintains liaison with the State Dam
        Safety Organisations and the owners ofdams for standardization of dam safety
        related data and practices.
      - It provides technical and managerial
        assistance to the States and State DamSafety Organisations
      - It maintains national level database of
        the dams
      - It will examine the cause of any major
        dam failure.
    - - It will ensure proper surveillance,
        inspection, operation andmaintenance of all specified dams
        in that State and it ensures theirsafe functioning
    - - Manned by officials with sufficient experience in field of dam safety
      - It keeps perpetual surveillance.
      - It carries out inspections.
      - It monitors the operation and
        maintenance
      - It classifies dams as per vulnerability
        and hazard classification criteria laid down by NCDS