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CONDITIONS IN CHILDREN (GASTRO ENTERITIS (CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS…
CONDITIONS IN CHILDREN
GASTRO ENTERITIS
CAUSES
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Infectious agents e.g viruses, bacteria and parasites
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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
There is damage to the villous brush border of the intestine, causing malabsorption of intestinal contents and leading to an osmotic diarrhea.
There is a release of toxins that bind to specific enterocyte receptors and cause the release of chloride ions into the intestinal lumen, leading to secretory diarrhea.
Even in severe diarrhea, however, various sodium-coupled solute co-transport mechanisms remain intact, allowing for the efficient reabsorption of salt and water.
By providing a 1:1 proportion of sodium to glucose, classic oral rehydration solution (ORS) takes advantage of a specific sodium-glucose transporter (SGLT-1) to increase the reabsorption of sodium, which leads to the passive reabsorption of water.
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
IT'S INCLUDE:
IV rehydration. IV access should be obtained in severe dehydration and patients should be administered a bolus of 20-30 mL/kg lactated Ringer (LR) or normal saline (NS) solution over 60 minutes.
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NURSING MANAGEMENT
NURSING ASSESSMENT
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Assess for vomiting-Inquire about recent feeding patterns, nausea, and vomiting.
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Physical assessment
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eyes, and any notable physical signs
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INTUSSUSCEPTION
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CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
Stool mixed with blood and mucus (sometimes referred to as "currant jelly" stool because of its appearance)
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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
It is believed to be secondary to an imbalance in the longitudinal forces along the intestinal wall.
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