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What were the effects of the Spanish conquest of the Americas? (The…
What were the effects of the Spanish
conquest of the Americas?
The Colombian Exchange
Overview
Effects of Aztecs: Columbus brought grapes, turnips, onion, sugar canes, bananas, olives, peaches, pears, coffee beans, citrus fruits, honey bees and grains like wheat, rice, barley and oats to the Americas.
Effects of Spanish: Columbus brought tobacco, quinine, sweet potato, avocado, peppers, cassava, peanuts, potato, tomatoes, corn, beans, vanilla, pumpkin, turkey, squash, pineapple and cacao beans from the Americas.
Immediate impacts: When food from the Americas was shipped to Europe, Europeans had a healthier diet and was more nutritious than before. This changed their food diet, as the New World had more caloric food than Old World.
Long-Term impacts: The spices and crops from the Americas is now a huge part of our life today. Pizza in Italy, potatoes in Ireland and spicy curries in India wouldn't be here today if it wasn't for the Colombian Exchange.
Tobacco was one of these goods that came from the Americas. Cigarettes were made. Cigarettes are still used today, although it had very negative impacts on the bodies.
The Colombian exchange also included of animals like cows, sheep, pigs and horses
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Slave Trade
Overview
During the brutal treatment of the Aztecs, which meant most of them had died and were injured so that couldn't work on the crops, the Spanish brought many slaves from Africa to tend the crops. The growth of the African slave trade made the Caribbean and the Americas mostly had African American people.
Long-term impacts: Because of the slave trade of the Africans, racism came to America. The Spanish brought enslaves African people across the Caribbean. Africa helped to develop Europe, while at the same time Europe helped to under-develop Africa. Europeans are now accepting different cultures, music, dance, clothing. The Africans introduced these different concepts to them.
Immediate Impacts: Europeans took advantage of Africa by dropping unwanted products into their country. At the beginning and the end of the slave trade, there was a lot of conflict between Europe and Africa as the Europeans were taking the Africans and making them do a lot of labour. Traditional values were ruined.
Destruction of Tenochtitlan
Overview
The destruction of Tenochtitlan happened, in May 1521. It stared by Cortez holding siege, blocking all fresh water and food routes to Tenochtitlan.
Effects of Aztecs: After the Spanish destroyed Tenochtitlan, they built a new city on top of the ruins of Tenochtitlan, which was destroyed by bombs, stones from the temples, pyramids and palaces were used to build churches and government buildings. The canals that had crossed Tenochtitlan were filled in.
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Long-term impacts: Around 100 000 Aztecs were killed during the three months that Cortez held siege to Tenochtitlan. The Spanish lost less than 1000 of the 1800 soldiers who came to Mexico between 1519 and 1521.
Their wealth was stolen and their temples were destroyed. Because
the Spaniards believed they should convert the Aztecs to Christianity, the Aztecs also lost most of their culture.
Immediate impacts: The fall of the Aztec, the Aztecs were put into slavery, men were forced to rebuild the city, children and women were captured and all the priest were killed.
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Diseases
Overview
Columbus brought smallpox, influenza, typhus, measles, malaria, diphtheria and whooping cough to The Americas. The Native Americans had very little immunity to the diseases.
Long-term impacts: With the leaders dying with smallpox, the fight of who will lead had begun. The death of leaders caused rebellion and wars. Smallpox also caused the decrease in the population, which led to the decrease in food, which led to the increase of diseases. With lots of people dying, not many people was left to tend the crops. This led to starvation within the Aztecs.
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Immediate impacts: The Aztecs were killed in a short period of time since the arrival of the Spanish. The diseases brought from Europe were unfamiliar to them. They had very low immune systems, so they caught lots of diseases. The Aztecs weren't the only people who got diseases. When the Spanish came back to Europe a disease called Venerial syphylis, a disease from the Aztecs to the Spanish.
Bibliography
O-book
https://obook4.oxforddigital.com.au/student/OB177/reader/0411.html#page419
https://obook4.oxforddigital.com.au/student/OB177/reader/0411.html#page419
https://obook4.oxforddigital.com.au/student/OB177/reader/0408.html#page413
Videos
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HQPA5oNpfM4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dnV_MTFEGIY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pLijVYVDKlc
The diseases brought from the Spanish affected the slave trade routes
