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Russo Art and the Human Body (Roman) (Roman (West facade of Chartres…
Russo Art and the Human Body (Roman)
Roman
Ara Pacis Augustae
Originally located outdoors
Covered in sculpture
Alter
Propaganda to encourage romans to have children
Designed to celebrate the period of peace after Augustus became emperor
High relief carvings, as good as the best greek carvings of the same style
Julio-claudians -- first dynasty of roman emperors
On the sides there are renditions of the roman imperial family
Towards the end of August’s rule
Was once painted
Finest example of roman relief sculpture
Statue of Emperor Octavian Augustus
Expresses his power
Represented as youthful and physically perfect
Presented as a leader
Originally bronze
Used to represent the emperor throughout his reign
Contrapposto
First quarter of the first century
Cupid, who is an ancestor of the emperor, is in the statue as well
The general of Tivoli
Sculpted with contrapposto
Veristic head
Desire to be a wise, older leader with a good body
Looks ridiculous
Older head on a young body
Gaius (Caligula)
Political message: your leader is a beautiful god
Youth
He was a monster
Proportion
Head of a Roman Patrician
Wisdom from age and experience
No emotion
Wrinkled and toothless
Veristic sculpture - truthful sculpture
Hadrian
Always looks very thoughtful
Political message: your leader is experienced and thoughtful
Always portrayed as a middle-aged man
Hellenophile- lover of greek culture
More sculptures of him than anyone else
Mimicked the greek fashion (beards)
Roman
The Tetrarchs
Done in an extremely rare purple granite
Awful depictions of humans compares to the sculptures done years ago
Sculpture of the four tetrarchs
Not realistic at all
The Arch of Constantine
Only bit of contemporary sculpture are the two bands on each side
Cartoonish figures that are all the same
Commemorates constantine's defeat of the tetrarchs
No sense of movement or proportion
Triumph
Greek perfection is gone
Last emperor of any worth
Marcus Aurelius
Led to equestrian paintings of leaders
Extremely, extremely influential
Celebrated leaders and heroes
Stern, serious, middle aged, capable
Only life-sized equestrian statue that has survived from antiquity
Gesture suggests that he is greeting his followers calmly and assuringly
Hill of capita
Meant to suggest control
Original is in a museum
He is bigger than his horse, suggesting that he is big and dominating
Bronze
Semi-veristic
Last truly good emperor of Rome
Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus
The faces are good but the actual figures are unrealistic
Very crude sculpture
Beautifully carved, but the figuring is poor
Incompetence or something that was aimed for?
Iconoclasm - when certain pieces of art are banned within a religion (idol-smasher)
Matilda Trajan's niece and mother of Hadrian's wife
Looks stern and formidable
Woman with a personality and an opinion of her own
Looks like a real person
Sarcophagus Christ Carrying the Cross
Proportions are ridiculous
Almost laughable
Roman
Enthroned Mother of God
Completely unrealistic
They float instead of standing on the ground
Byzantine set rules about painting religious figures
Very two dimensional and unmoving
Typical byzantine painting of the time, called an icon
Charlemagne
The skill is not good
He is too big for the horse
He tried to promote art after traveling to Italy and seeing the sculptures there
The horse is better sculpted than the man
Crowned holy roman emperor in 800 CE
Holding the globe (ruler of the world)
Theodora and attendants
Beautiful and smart
Helped run the empire with her husband
She was a dancer who came to marry the emperor of byzantium
Helped run the empire with her husband
Christ Pantocrator
Holds the gospel in his left hand and the hand of god is his right
Christian art at the end of the dark ages
Byzantine craftsmen were hired to make this
The halo became popular at this point
Monreale Cathedral in Sicily
Justinian and Maximus
Realism was rejected at this point because christianity was focused on the spirit instead of the physical body
Flat and facing the viewer head on
Figures are floating, rejecting weight
Completely two dimensional
Wanted to reflect the eternal and perfect world
No space, weight, background, dynamic movement
Emperor Justinian is pictured with his wife on the side of the church. They are bringing the host to the church.
Christ in Majesty with the Apostles
Extremely crude
Very, very unrealistic
Christ surrounded by angel and six followers
Proportions are very off
Linthle of a church in france
San Vitale
Church
Exterior is plain brick or stone but the inside is filled with mosaics
Byzantines developed the technique of coloring glass
Windows are made of thin pieces of alabaster
Tessera: single piece of rock or glass that is used to make pictures in mosaics
Completely and utterly covered in mosaics
Main decoration of the period was mosaics
Influenced Muslims and their Mosques
Briefly the capital of the byzantine empire
Christ depicted sitting on a globe, surrounded by angels
Ravenna
Christ in Majesty
Mandorla
Christ sitting
Not realistic
Face looks buddhist or asian
Lacks skill
Trying to suggest 3D
Four symbols surrounding christ
Roman
Visitation, Reims cathedral
Contrapposto
Good cloth, good detail
When pregnant mary visits her cousin who is pregnant with John the Baptist
Realism of expressions, they're animated and you can tell that one is older than the other
Reveals the shape of the body underneath the cloth
Virgin of Jeanne d’Evreux
Good depiction of a child
Tender, human touch
Contrapposto
S shaped
Small, solid gold statue
St. Theodore, porch of the martyrs
Wider figure, can sense a body under the clothes
Much more realistic face
Almost a contrapposto stance but not really
Bonaventura Berlinghieri, St. Francis
Flat, stick on, expressionless
Francis was the first saint who was allowed to be depicted in art
Purely byzantine
West facade of Chartres Cathedral
Early christian art is gentle whereas medieval christian art is darker and more intense
Figures carved out of columns
Christ surrounded by evangelists
No Weight
More sculpture than romanesque
Clothing and faces are realistic but the rest is more focused on spirituality)
Early gothic sculpture
Bonaventura Berlinghieri, Madonna and Child
Mid to late medieval period
Figures are painted according to a formula
Chartres Cathedral
Both romanesque and gothic started and finished in France
More glass and much taller than the other cathedrals before
Nicola Pisano, Pulpit
First sculptor to use roman sarcophagus carving techniques on roman art
Effective use of greco-roman sculpting techniques to make christian art
Huge debate about the influence for this piece
Basilica of Mary Magdalen (La Madeleine)
Elegant, twisted figure
All look contorted
Depicts pentecost
Sensuous, twisty, curvy, long, unrealistic
Church where the first crusade was preached
Annunciation, birth of Jesus Christ, and adoration of the shepherds
The figures are realistic
Dressed just like roman figures would have been at the time
Extreme greek influence
Certain problems with the proportions
St. Lazare, Autun
Doesn't come out of the greco-roman art
Middle-eastern looking
Curvy linear
Feet have good anatomical detail
They all have agitated hand gestures
Style choice to express spiritual ecstasy
The figures all are long and thin
Adoration of the Magi
Depth
Tried to suggest that the horses bodies are in the back of the frame
Christ Majesty with angels and the twenty four elders
Sculpture of the last judgement
Meant to instill fear and reverence
Trying to convey a message to a completely illiterate congregation
“Damned are on Christ’s left, saved are on Christ’s right”
Figures are tall, thin, and pale
First named artist in the medieval era
Giovanni Pisano, Pulpit
Introduces diagonals and emotional facial expressions
Massacre of the innocent
More emotional style
Last judgement
Obviously influenced by his father’s work
Abbey church of St, Pierre
Romanesque
Tympanum
