Urban Issues & Challenges
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Urbanisation is happening fastest in poorer countries
Its the growth in the proportion of a county's population living in urban areas
more than 50% of the worlds population currently live in urban areas
3.9 billion people
rate differs between richer and poorer countries.
HICs are more economically developed
HICs have a very slow rate of urban growth
LICs are less economically developed
NEEs are those where economic development is increasing rapidly.
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Urbanisation is caused by Rural-Urban Migration and Natural Increase
Rural-Urban migration is the movement of people from the countryside to the cities.
Push factors
Natural disaster
Mechanisation
Desertification
Conflict and war
Pull factors
More jobs
Better paid
Health care
Education
Family members
Better quality of life
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Social Opportunities
better access to services
better access to resources
Economic Opportunities
Growth of urban industrial areas
more jobs and better wages than rural areas
industries sell the good they produce on the international market.
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Social and Economic Challenges
People end up in squatter settlements
badly built and overcrowded
no access to basic services
unclean conditions
no education
unemployment and crime
Environmental Challenges
rubbish isn't collected as often as there is more
Air pollution
Sewage and toxic chemicals can get into rivers and harm wildlife
Congestion on roads as there are more cars