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Xiao's Chinese-to-English other-translation practice in the 1930s…

- - - - ST context: 新文学属于草创阶段，经典性不足；有经验的翻译者的缺乏；时代还没有对中国文学输出产生迫切需求（《天下月刊》与中国现代文学的英译）
      - TT context:
        
        二十世纪初期,中国国力衰微, 国际地位底下, 文化不再被重视
        
        用谁的论点来支持呢?
        
        中国屡次被侵略；国际地位被其实歧视
        
        西方国家对中国的新文学运动/甚至是二十世纪初期的中国一直关注甚少
        
        China is unjustly renowned nowadays for bandits....ancient culture never did. (Allen, China in Brief, volume 8, page 1)
        
        Edgar Snow: the Hundreds of 'interpretative' books on China written by Western Occidentals, and even those by Chinese for western readers, did not satisfy. Their emphasis was nearly all on the past, and concerned with problems and culture-patterns already interred. (Living China, p. 12)
        
        当时在华出版的多种外语报纸中, 很少有报道关注中国的新文化运动
    - - 中国文学在目的语读者中处于边缘地位, 属于非主流
        
        在China in Brief之前, 还没有任何的出版物出版过新文学英译;
        current Chinese literature contains items ... have ever before appeared in English. (Allen, China in Brief, volume 8, page 1)
        
        Edgar Snow: 'But when I turned to look for literature of this kind I was astonished to find that there was virtually none of it in English. No important modern Chinese novels had been translated, and only a few short stories had appeared obscurely in short-lived or little-read sectarian papers... But of modern Pai-hua, or vernacular literature, of writing of the revolutionary period, only a few scattered fragments had appeared in English. (Living China, p. 12)
      - 普遍西方人对中国文学, 尤其是现代文学不感兴趣
        
        ''住在北京的不是外交官就是传教士. 他们的兴趣在高尔夫和赛马上. 谁会对现代中国文学感兴趣' (2005e, p. 52)'
        
        Ten out of nine foreigners .... nobody ever takes any notice of the Living China. (In The China Critic)
  - - - 评价
        
        积极意义：英语世界第一份向西方介绍中国新文学的刊物
        
        消极意义: ''住在北京的不是外交官就是传教士. 他们的兴趣在高尔夫和赛马上. 谁会对现代中国文学感兴趣' (2005e, p. 52)';
        资金短缺, 只办了八期
      - 刚开始, 本报宗旨是'(一)　为对当代中国文化感兴趣．．．（摘自china in Brief' 的创刊号英文原文
        
        后来,　萧乾建议,　介绍中国新文艺到西方去
        
        安澜认为,　应该让美国人以及所有西方人改变对中国的固有印象：中国人正在创造新文化, 并且使自己与世界联系起来(摘自第八期的英文原版), 而新文学是一个很好的载体 (China in Brief, 第八期）
        
        新的思维和表达方式(China in Brief, volume 8)
        
        新文学反映了中国的民主化与工业化进程；是一个伟大国家的转折点；(China in Brief, volume 8)
    - - 1926-1934年, 由辅仁大学创办的
        
        辅仁大学是天主教创办的
        
        读者群体:全世界天主教文化界发行的一份英文月刊(2005e, p. 618)
        
        反映: 陆续收到世界各角落的许多来信, 纷纷表示深感新奇, 希望杂志多介绍一些中国新文艺 (2005e, p. 618)
        
        https://guides.lib.unc.edu/c.php?g=8801&p=44646
- - - - his own interest
        
        essay
        
        直到2005年出版的散文全集, 共收集了243篇的散文
        
        对鲁迅先生的崇敬
        
        short story
        
        1930-1947 共发表短篇小说27篇
      - advocacy of genres
        
        short story
        
        鲁迅--<狂人日记> 中国第一部现代白话文小说, 茅盾的长篇小说, 苏雪林, 沈从文
        
        poem
        
        by 1930s: 尝试派、文学研究会（人生派）创造社（早期浪漫主义）新格律诗派（新月派）、中国早期象征诗派
        
        play
        
        郭沫若, 田汉, 曹禺,熊佛西
        
        essay
        
        鲁迅、周作人、冰心、徐志摩
    - - dealing the cultural and social issues of the time; reflecting the real life of Chinese people in the early twentieth century
        
        anti-feudalism: 王昭君; 湖上的悲剧; 聪明人,傻子和奴才
        
        anti-imperialism: 爱丽斯游记
        
        反映了底层中国人的不幸: 洗衣歌
      - 符合新文学运动的提倡: advocacy of realism; 开民智
      - 萧乾自己的爱好:反帝反封建, 从他的许多作品可以看出来
    - - only translated some chapters
      - delete some paragraphs or sentences