Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Computerised Investment System (Preventing Resistance (Obtain management…
Computerised Investment System
Risks of IT environment
Paperless nature
Systematic errors due to consistent processing
Potential unsecure access/data loss
System generated transactions - no humans
lack of segregation of duties
Preventing Resistance
Obtain management supp
Meet user needs
Involve users
Stress new oppurtunites
Avoid emotionalism
User training
RE-examine performance evaluatation to align against new system
Open lines of comms
Control user expectations
Why update systems
Business/user changes
Technology changes
Improve business process
Competitive advantage
Productivity gains
Integrate multiple systems
Replacing aging systems
System Development Life Cycle
System Analysis
Initial investigation
Systems survey
Feasibility study
Economic
Technical
Legal
Scheduling
Operational
Info needs & system requirements
Define & document user needs
Define & document requirements of new system
Systems analysis report
Summarises & documents findings
Purpose
Understand function of existing system
Determine constraints of current system
Assess strengths & weakness of existing system & resolve
Provide source for design ideas
Provide info about user needs
Conceptual design
System/user requirements
Identify & evaluate design alternatives
Develop design specifications
Physical design
Concepts translated into detailed specifications
Documents designed for inputs/outputs
Develop procedures & controls
Implementation & Conversion
New hardware and software are installed & tested
Employee hiring/training
Testing of processing procedures
Standards & controls established & Documentation completed
Operations & Maintenance
Periodical review
Modifications as problems arise
People interacting in SDLC
Management
Accountant
Users
Steering committee
Project development team
Resisting change
Fear
Lack of top management supp
Lack of comms
Disruptive nature
Methods of instituting change
Biases & Emotions
Personal characteristics & backgrounds
Types of resistence
Aggression
Weakens system effectiveness (Increased error rates, sabotage)
Projection
Blaming new system
Avoidance
Ignoring new AIS
Obtain AIS
Purchase software
Off the shelf Canned
Similar requirement users
Turnkey System
Package
Application Service Provider
Provided via internet
Develop software in-house
Risky
Time consuming
Complext
Insufficient planning
Lack of qualified staff
Poor comms & co-op
Poor top management supp
Hire external company to develop/maintain
Ousourcing
Advantages
Less development time
Facilitates downsizing
Expertise & technology
Lower costs
Allows concentration on core competencies
Disadvantages
Inflexibility
Reduced competitive advantage
Poor service
Increased risk
Unfulfilled goals
Types of documentation
Development
System description incl. copies of inputs & outputs
Operations
User
How to operate/ manual
Operating Schedules, incl. files & databases accessed
Types of system testing
Walk-through
Processing test data
Acceptance tests
Types of conversions
Direct
Parallel
Phase-in
Pilot
PERT & Gant charts