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Energy Metabolism: Respiration (Types of Respiration (Heat Generating…
Energy Metabolism: Respiration
Types of Respiration
Aerobic Respiration
Requires Oxygen
Heat Generating Respiration
Not as effecient
Heat loss
Anaerobic Respiration
Does not require Oxygen
Respiration of Lipids
1.Glycerol and three triglycerides OR glycerol phosphate and two phospholipds
Breaks down - Oxidation
Photorespiration
Wastes up to 30% of energy from photosynthesis
Total Energy Yield of Respiration
Anaerobic glycolysis: two ATP molecules per molecule of fermented glucose
Aerobic Respiration: Up to 38 ATP
Pentose Phosphate Pathway: Two NADPH per glucse-6-phosphate
Environmental and Internal Factors
Temperature
Increase and decreases respiration
Lack of Oxygen
Less oxygen at night, also less demanded
Roots
Hypoxia
Anoxia
Internal Regulation
Respiration rates vary from plant to plant and stage to stage.
Fermentation of Beverages
Wine
Carbon Dioxide let out, while Oxygen kept out.
Fermented fruit juice
Grapes harvested when sugar content is suitable
ferment up to 1 month
Sediments sink to bottom of fermentation tank
All sugar fermented = Dry wine; Some sugars left = sweet wine
Aged
Yeast taken out
Beer
Cereal grins
Starch converted to glucose (germinate)
Starch broken down by enzymes
Ferment 1 week - 12 days
Spirits
Ethanol above 20%
Toxic to yeast
Distilled
Warnings
Ethyl alcohol (ethanol) - Depressant
Addictive to some; Addiction
Fetal Alcohol Syndrom
Hangover.
Respiratory Quotient
Ratio of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide