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Energy Metabolism Respiration (Types of Respiration (Pentose Phosphate…

- - - - Net 2 ATP formed
      - Produce 2 pyruvate molecules
        
        React with NADH to form latic acid in humans
        
        converted to acetaldehyde in plants
        
        React with NADH to form ethanol in plants
  - - - Glycolysis
        
        Occurs in the Cytosol and Plastids
        
        See picture above for more details
      - Citric Acid Cycle
        
        A.K.A the Krebs Cycle
      - Electron Transport Chain
        
        Net of 3 ATP's made
  - - - Shivering
        
        Break down of ATP for heat
  - - - Example: five carbon sugars (pentose)
    - - Lg. amounts of DNA are synthesized
      - shifted in favor of ribose production
    - - divert Erythrose 4- phosphate
        
        synthesis of amino acids
    - - used for amino acids
  - - - lipids are broke down
        
        Glycerol and three fatty acids (triglycerides)
        
        fatty acids further broke down by B- oxidation
        
        Glycerol and two fatty acids (phospholipids)
        
        Once broke down electrons are transfered
        
        Electron transport chain
        
        if for further respired it can go to the Krebs cycle.
      - In cytosol or micro bodies (glyoxysomes)
  - - - results in Gycolate converted glycine
        
        respired to Carbon dioxide and water
        
        Wasted energy
        
        No conservation of energy in ATP or NADA
        
        Glycine converted to serine
        
        both useful for amino acids
- - - - Partial fermenting starchy seeds
        
        Example: Barley, wheat, corn, or rice
        
        works best in warm temperatures
    - - More complex fermentation of sugars
        
        Fermented fruit juices that are rich in sugars
        
        Fermentation last as long as there is sugar
    - - Distillation or by adding alcohol increase their ethanol concentration
        
        So strong and toxic the yeast dies
        
        Example: Vodka, gin, wiskey
- - - - Since 2 pyruvates are formed 6 more ATP's are formed
        
        Krebs cycle
        
        yields 2 ATP
        
        Net of 24 ATP's
        
        6 NADH