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Russo Art and the Human Body (Greek) (Greek (Continued) (Mausoleum at…
Russo Art and the Human Body (Greek)
Greek
Mantiklos Apollo
Not meant to be realistic
Found in southwest asia
Greece is and anti-egypt in that there was no change in art while Greece was almost on a mission to evolve and develop as quickly as possible
700 BC, 250 years before perfection
One of the oldest Greek sculptures in existence
Easily identified as Greek because of the nudity
More nude men sculpted than nude women
Vase Painting
The vases were eventually substituted with sculptures
The vase depicts a burial
Greeks buried their dead and marked the graves with giant vases
Very little sophistication in representing the human body though oddly enough it was made after the Minoans time
Representations of the human body
Childlike conceptualization of what a human looks like
Probably contemporary with the world of Homer
Very crude
Geometric Period
Every inch of space is taken up by a geometric pattern
“Daedalic” style
Heavily braided hair (from asia and egypt)
Female sculpture is clothed while male sculptures are nude
Almost identical to the ancient votic sculptures of the Sumerians
Originally painted in really bright color
Style of sculpture unique to the Daedalic style
Stance is completely unrealistic
Female sculpture
Fallen Warrior
Arrow in the chest would have been the rod attaching the sculpture to the pediment
More anatomically realistic than the past few sculptures
Man who has been shot in battle
Positioning is not realistic
Would have gone in the pediment of a temple
Face of the sculpture doesn't fit
500-490 BC
Archaic smile
Metropolitan kouros
Kore = female standing statue
Looks egyptian
Kouros = male standing statue
Left leg forward, hands at sides, gives stability to the statue
Starting point for the proper evolution of sculpting human beings
Crude and stylized details
No attempt to display musculature
Expression of self confidence
Dying Warrior
In 50 years there was a major step forward in realism and expressiveness
New fashion
New statue is extremely realistic compared to the first sculpture
Armor
The fallen warrior sculpture fell off of the temple after an earthquake
Greek (Continued)
Vitruvian Man
Greek idea of man being the perfect measure of all things
Obsession with portions and the human body is explained in this diagram
Kore
More detail on the hair and the stance of the statue
Beginning to get the feeling of the body under the clothes
More detail on the clothing
Polykleitos’ Doryphoros
Head had to be exactly 1/7 of the other parts of the body
All the muscles are in opposition to each other
Almost superb condition
Rules drawn from nature
Marble copy of the original
Ideal proportions of the ideal, real, perfect human being
The canon, or spear carrier was a book describing how to design the perfect man and this was built as the result of the book
Pursuit of perfection
Originally done in bronze
Riace warrior B
Very proportionate
Prefect anatomical detail
The man looks like he is doing something active
Hollow
Full sized bronze sculpture
Ivory teeth and semi precious stones for the eyes
Classical period 480-323 BC
Peplos Kore
Really easy to create
Not much different from the egyptian style
Primitive - still in the archaic period
Women stand with their feet together while men were striding
Very crude
Zeus
Either Zeus of Poseidon
The body is perfect, anatomically and muscularly
Exactly the same length from fingvcccer to finger and toes to the top of head
Kritios boy
Found the body first and then found the head 400 years later
Early classical period
Severe style facial expression
Boy - younger body with softer skin
It looks real and there is attention to detail
The first sculpture on the planet to actually convey the way that humans stand when they are at rest
Contrapposto
Myron’s Diskobolus
Added movement to sculptures
The tree behind the human is there so that the statue is able to stand up on its own
Another marble copy of the bronze statue
All based on observation
Attic red figure krater
One of the 12 labors of Hercules
Hercules wrestling with achaeus
He did the opposite of the previous vase, making the figures clay and painting the background and details
Used depth in the painting by making the bodies look twisted and in action
NOT a composite view
The Parthenon
Doric temple
Sculptural decoration all around the frieze is called centauromachy
All of the sculpture in the Pediment and frieze is located in the British Museum in london under the name of the “Elgin Marbles”
Gigantomachy
Almost completely intact until there was a war and the turks stored their gunpowder in the Acropolis, there was an explosion but it mostly stayed up
Amazonachy
Used as a church
East front is the birth of Athena and the west front is the battle between Athena and Zeus deciding who would be the patron god of Athens
Dedicated to Athena
Statue of Athena was originally in the parthenon
The statue was looted after athens lost in the peloponnesian war
Though the temple was doric, there was an ionic frieze around the inside
Still and unmoving
Relaxed, realistic stance
Doric temple with ionic influences)
Sculpture on the pediment, frieze, and on the inner chamber around the walls. Also a huge statue of Athena in the middle of the room
Amphora with Achilles and Ajax playing a board game
Attic vase is a vase from Athens and the surrounding area
The black glaze is added over the natural color of the clay and the background is left in the natural color
Natural red color is the color of the clay in Attica (Athens countryside)
The detail in the clothing is made by carving on the clay
Late black figure style vase
Not much of a development from the composite view
Typical vase painting of the archaic period
Acropolis, Athens
Parthenon - most important temple, dedicated to Athena
Erechtheion
Virtually every great sculpture in the greek world helped create parts of the center
Temple of Nike - goddess of victory (Also Athena)
“High city”
Greek (Continued)
Relief parapet from the nike temple
Sculpture is slowly becoming more humanized
Less godlike, more suggesting the life of ordinary people
Captures balance
Able to see the body under the clothing
Intimate, candid moment
Vaguely erotic because of the emotion
Contorted
Roman copy of Apoxyomenos by Lysippos
Distance, perfect young man
The only thing different from the older sculptures is the hand gesture
Fig leaf added on either because the romans didn't want the full frontal nudity or because Christians did not like the nudity
First sculpture of a human being that makes you move around to look at it because of the protruding arm
Tree trunk behind the statue
Looks different from different places
Late classical period
Temple of Athena Nike
Small ionic temple
Scroll like capitals on the top of the columns
sculpture on the frieze and inside
Herakles at rest
Anatomically perfect
Found in pompeii
Depicts the body of a middle aged man as opposed to a man in his prime
Italian renaissance sculptor re-sculpted the missing leg
Expresses exhaustion
Walking around the sculpture was part of the experience
Hercules after one of his 12 labors
Influenced michelangelo's David
Perfection of the human body in stone has been reached
Close up of the Erechtheion Caryatids
Contrapposto
Weight shift in the legs
Light sheer fabric on the human, suggesting the body under the clothes
Idea borrowed from the egyptians
Clothed but easily identified as a female
Laocoon and his two sons attacked by giant serpents
Extreme torment and stress
Expression of contorted pain and agony
Masterpiece of tension, movement, and emotion
Pieces of the sculpture have never been found
Dug up while michelangelo was painting the sistine chapel
In the vatican museum
Mausoleum at Halicarnassus
Some of the ionic sculptural frieze has survived
Frieze depicts battles
It's all gone
First instance of female nudity
Giant, cubelike building
Diagonal movement
One of the seven wonders of the ancient world
Extreme movement
Very late classical era, almost the Hellenistic age
Anatomically accurate
Doric with sculptures literally all over it
The Boxer at rest
Extreme tiredness
Worn down over life as a gladiator
Cauliflower ear, nose is broken, body is bloodied, there are scars and bleeding cuts
Hands are wrapped in bandages
Older man
Tremendous feeling of pathos for the sculpture
Bronze
W. frieze: Horsemen in the Panathenaic procession
Flowing movement, lots of diagonals
Athenians sitting for a religious ceremony
Athenians sculpted themselves in a ceremonial procession
Starting to see real people instead of ideal human beings
Huge sculpture depicting mainly Athenians
Sleeping Satyr
More erotic
Lounging man
Lapith and Centaur
Dynamic sculpture, beginning to see movement in the sculpture
Greeks are moving from serene, perfect human bodies
One of the metopes on the parthenon
Venus de Milo
Slightly erotic
Vision of beauty
Nearly nude woman
Softer-looking flesh than male sculptures
Marble original
Detailed hair
Extremely famous
Centaur and Lapith 2
Diagonal
Emotional faces
Victory of Samothrace
On Odysseus’s ship
Wind is wrapping her clothing around her body
Sculpture of a passage in the Odyssey
Movement, emotion and a bit of eroticism
Athena
The Erechtheion
Not greek in the sense that it is not harmonious
Built over the site where poseidon created a spring and where athena won the battle against zeus
Not symmetrical or proportioned
Five female sculptures that hold up the roof or caryatids
Ionic
Sculptures on the outside, holding up the roof and possibly on the inside
Aphrodite, Pan, and Eros
Hand covering genitals
Satyr is trying to seduce venus into bed
Venus, cupid, and satyr
Less moral, more skill
Risque
Purpose of the sculpture has become diminished and degrading
Additional added info
Detailed explanation of the "Lost Wax Method" of hollow casting bronze
Step 1: Sculptor makes a full-scale model of his sculpture in clay
Step 2: Model is covered in clay or plaster mold
Step 3: Once the mold sets, it is removed in pieces
Step 4: In each mold, melted beeswax is used to cover the inside surface and is then removed
Step 5: The inside of the wax model is filled with liquid clay
Step 6: The entire mold is heated and the wax melts
Step 7: Molten bronze is then poured into the hollow cast where the wax used to be
Technical details of the contraposto pose
Stance in Greek art that makes a human sculpture stand with most weight on one leg and the other leg bent. The shift in weight also influences other parts of the body such as the hips, shoulders, and head. This stance suggests a relaxed human and is much more realistic that the earlier forms of stances of sculpture
Locations of sculpture on Doric and Ionic temples
Explained with the temples
Doric vs Ionic
