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STAGES OF MODERN GEOPOLITICS (THE RACE FOR IMPERIAL HEGEMONY (Mackinder…

- - - - Greater attention to sovereign interests
      - Coordinated international action
  - - - Eurasian centered
    - - Dominant Asian land power
    - - Russian land power and British sea power met
    - - US anexation
        
        Philipines
        
        Hawai
        
        Guam
        
        Puerto Rico
        
        Control of Panama Canal Zone
        
        Tutelage over Cuba
  - - - Inner area of Eurasia
    - - Commonwealth of nations
    - - Arena of movement based upon people, resources and interior lines
- - - - Achieve primacy in three parts of the Eurasian chessboard
        
        Europe
        
        Middle East
        
        Central Asia, China and Japan
  - - - Cultural
  - - - South is doomed to anarchy and chaos
      - Only the US has the power to stabilize the world system
  - - - Triumph of Western liberal democracy
      - Free Marketism
- - - - Complementarity of resources and peoples
        
        Pan-America
        
        Pan-Eur-Africa
        
        Pan-Asia
        
        United States, Germany and Japan as cores
    - - Ratzel´s large states theory
      - Mackinders World-Island
      - Panregions
    - - Richard Henning
        
        Land, space and economics were deemed more important than racial considerations
      - Ewald Banse
        
        Strategy and tactics for blitzkrieg
      - Erich Obst
        
        Cofounder
        
        Established objective standards for lebensraum
      - Otto Maull
        
        Cofounder and coeditor
        
        Theory of organic state as a collection of spatial cells with a life of its own
- - - - William Bullit 1947
      - Fear of Soviet Communism power would spread via China into Southeast Asia
      - Important argument for extending Western containment policy well
    - - Henry Kissinger 1979
      - Network that connected all parts of the world’s trouble spots to the Soviet Union
      - Display of Western impotence in one part of the world would erode its credibility in other part of the world
    - - 1946 John Kennan
        
        Intellectual basis for containment of the URSS
      - Keystone of American foreign policy
      - US control of Linchipin states
        
        Defined by its geographical position
        
        Germany
        
        Poland
        
        Iran
        
        Pakistan
        
        Afghanistan
        
        South Korea
        
        Philippines
  - - - Rejected the heartland theory of world domination
    - - Maintained by moving from one stage to another through responses to short-term disturbances
    - - Primary shaper of geopolitical relations
    - - Geopolitical system of ten regional groupings hierarchically ordered with historical and cultural basis
    - - World-systems approach based upon global economics
      - Global conflict in North-South terms
      - Cyclical world economy
        
        Nation-states and localities are fitted.
    - - Overcome the national chauvinism of the old geopolitics
      - Focus on land
- - - - In Anglo-America
      - Arctic ice fields to form a new heartland with the northern hemisphere
    - - Dominant power of the world
        
        Advantages of interior, air, sea, and land routes across the polar world.
    - - Key to heartland and world control
  - - - South and Southeast Asia and Africa south of the Sahara.
    - - Areas where North America and Soviet air dominance overlapped
    - - Latin America
    - - Division of the world into two
    - - In all-out war the power that led in military hardware could dominate the world.
    - - Azimuthal equidistant projection centered on the North Pole
      - Western hemisphere lies to the south of the pole
      - Eurasia and Africa to the north
  - - - Mahan´s view of world
      - Antidote to heartland primacy
      - Rimland was the key to struggle for the world
    - - Alliance of Anglo American sea power and Soviet land power
    - - Keys to world control
  - - - Middle East and Southeast Asia
    - - Supplement sea or land based forces