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Cold War 2 (The Prague Spring (Relaxation of censorship allowed for more…
Cold War 2
The Prague Spring
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These reforms were welcomed by students, intellectuals, workers and young members of the communist party and writers also enjoyed the freedom
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Brezhnev and other communists thought it would lead to demand for reform elsewhere in the eastern bloc
Brezhnev had to either use military force and lower the reputation of the Soviet Union, or do nothing and risk the entire Eastern Bloc
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Cuba
Before 1959, Cuba was very closely linked to the US for example there were a lot of US owned businesses
In 1959, Cuba had a socialist revolution and the US refused to deal with the new government
After the revolution, Cuba began to build economic links with the Soviet Union, trading Cuban sugar for Soviet oil
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The US refused to recognise Castro's government as they didn't want a socialist country in their sphere of influence, especially since they had close ties with the Soviet Union
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Arms Race
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The US thought they could deter the Soviet Union with nuclear weapons and thought nuclear weapons would be the best for a war with the Soviet Union
Eventually after both sides had developed the same weapons, MAD came about, which is mutually assured destruction
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Berlin
West Berlin was deep in Soviet controlled East Germany, so the divided Berlin gave the US and foothold in the Eastern Bloc
Some East Germans didn't like communism and there were also better job opportunities in West Germany
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Between 1949 and 1961, 2.7 million East Germans crossed to the West in Berlin, West Germany's economy benefitted from the influx of skilled workers whereas the East was left with a shortage of skills
People very clearly preferred West Germany, which made the Soviets look bad
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The Bay of Pigs
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What the CIA thought
The invasion will look like a Cuban revolt as it is made up of Cuban exiles and the planes are disguised to look Cuban
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What actually happened
The planes were recognised as US planes, photographs were taken and the information published for the world to see
Castro knew of the invasion in advance and 1400 US troops met 20,000 of Castro's, the US troops surrendered
Most Cubans didn't want their old leader, Batista, back as he was corrupt
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Cuba and the Soviet Union started building closer ties, including military defence for Cuba
Warsaw Pact
Collective defence treaty involving, The Soviet Union, East Germany, Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Albania and Romania
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Czechoslovakia
Under Soviet rule, living standards dropped, opposition to communism was crushed and as a result communist rule was very unpopular
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Dubček was a good friend of the Soviet leader, Brezhnev
Dubček was a communist and a supporter of the Warsaw Pact but wanted to make communism easier to live under, which he called socialism with a human face
Dubček induced the Prague Spring, which was a period of increased political freedom in April 1968
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