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Food Resources (Gateway 2 (Factors affecting intensification of food…

- - - - Climate
        
        More rainfall & higher temperatures
      - Soil & drainage (nutrients)
        
        Mekong Delta & vicinity of Mt Merapi has fertile soil
        
        Water retention
      - Relief
        
        Mekong Delta is flat
    - - Purpose of farming
        
        Subsistence farming
        
        Commercial farming
        
        Demand
        
        Increase demand in corn needed to feed lifestock in China
        
        Trade
        
        Hurts local produce as food imports are cheaper (FTA)
      - Agribusiness
        
        Del Monte Corporation- grow bananas in Philippines & ships them worlwide
    - - Government policy
        
        Food stockpiling
      - ASEAN
        
        Thailand works with neighbouring countries to increase efficiency in rice production
      - CAP of the EU
        
        Import tax on imported food to encourage local produce
        
        EU food more expensive
    - - HYV
        
        HYV rice saved India from famine (1970)
      - Fertilisers
      - Pesticides
        
        Used in California 1980 to kill flies which destroyed crops
      - Irrigation
        
        Great Man-Made Ricer in Sahara Desert- Provide water for coastal cities in Libya
      - Mechanisation
  - - - Increased income
      - Dominance of agribusiness, poor farmers lose out (-ve)
    - - Higher nutritional value
      - Potential health risks
    - - Decrease chemical use
      - Genetic pollution->Lose of biodiversity
  - - - Climate change
        
        Shrinking glaciers->Loss of water during dry season (Himalayas provide the river basins of major rivers into India & China
      - Extreme weather events
        
        Cyclone Yasi
      - Pests
    - - Civil strife
        
        Syria crisis in 2011 reduced farmers access to seeds
      - Poor governance
        
        North Korea
    - - Demand from emerging economies
        
        China richer (More import, less export)->Global food supply drop, food more expensive
      - Food policy
        
        Algeria stockpiled, causing Saudi Arabia to follow suit->Supply drop & food prices increases (2011)
      - Soaring cost of fertilisers & transport (Oil prices increase)
    - - Lack of accessibility
      - Inadequate logistics of food distribution & storage (LDC)
      - Rapid population growth
- - - - Disposable income
        
        Taiwan's higher economic growth after 1960s- increased meat, fruit & fish consumption
      - Pricing
        
        Global food crisis (2008)- 100 million people faced chronic hunger & poverty
    - - Food preferences
        
        Fast food vs organic food
      - Migration
      - Population growth
      - Changing diets
    - - Food stability
        
        Affected by
        
        Natural disasters
        
        Civil war
        
        Safe and nutritious food available to everyone all the time
      - Food safety
  - - - Malnutrition
        
        Anorexia (DCs)
      - Ill-health
        
        Lack of calcium->
        Osteoporosis->Loss of productivity
      - Starvation
        
        Syrian conflict
    - - Lower productivity
        
        Workers fall sick->foreign investment drops->GDP drops
      - Higher public health expenditures
        
        People fall sick more often & money chanelled to health sector
      - Long term debt
        
        Global food aid costlier than local food imports
    - - Political instability
        
        Iran Food Price Protest (2017)
    - - Scavenging
        
        'Smoky mountain' in Manila
  - - - Lower productivity
      - Higher public health expenditure
    - - Obesity & health problems
    - - Food wastage
      - Dieting
- - - - Use of storage facilities
        
        Refrigeration keeps food airtight
        
        Silos expensive for LDCs (-ve)
      - Farming technology
        
        HYV, fertilisers, pesticides, irrigation, mechanisation
        
        Too expensive for LDCs (-ve)
      - Biotechnology
        
        GM crops have higher yield
        
        GM seeds too expensive for LDCs (-ve)
    - - Multiple cropping
        
        Growth of different crops simultaneously. Groundnut & soya beans have roots that provide nitrogen
        
        Used in Himalayas to risk crop damage
      - No-till farming
        
        Leaves plant materials from past growing seasons to maintain crop quality through decomposition. More nutrients= better crop yield
      - Leasing farmland to other countries
        
        Done in Ethiopia to bring income to locals to improve farming methods
    - - Socially responsible customer
        
        Buy local produce
        
        Reduce meat consumption
      - Support local farmers
        
        Support by government & customers reduces poverty (Africa)
      - Population growth
    - - National strategy: High-tech farming in SG
        
        Increase food produce->Increase food security
        
        High costs of setting up, shortage of trained labour & increase competition from imported food (-ve)
      - International strategy
        
        School meals
        
        Provide nutrition & incentive to send kids to school
        
        Schools to poor to afford meals in LDCs (-ve)
        
        Responding to emergencies
        
        Somalian food crisis in 2011, WFP stepped in to provide food aid
        
        Emergency aid deliveries blocked in war zones (-ve)