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Tissue (Types of Tissue (Epithelial tissue (line) (Sheets of tightly…
Tissue
Types of Tissue
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Nervous tissue (signal)
makes up the nervous system (Central Nervous System - brain and spinal cord; Peripheral Nervous System - peripheral nerves that branch all throughout the body)
neuroglia (glial cells)
cells that support neurons, supply them with nutrients, get rid of dead cells and pathogens such as bacteria, form insulation between neurons so that electrical signals do not get crossed, and aids the formation of synaptic connections between neurons.
Astroglial cells, also called astrocytes, are star-shaped cells found in the brain and spinal cord. They provide nutrients to neurons, maintain ion balance, and remove unneeded excess neurotransmitters from the synaptic cleft.
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Oligodendrocytes provide physical support to neurons, forming a myelin sheath around some neurons in the CNS. The myelin sheath is a fatty substance wrapped around the axons of some neurons; it provides electrical insulation.
Schwann cells also form myelin sheaths around some neurons, but they are only found in the PNS. Neurons that are myelinated can conduct electrical impulses faster than non-myelinated neurons.
Microglial cells, or microglia, are small macrophage cells in the CNS that protect against disease by engulfing pathogens through phagocytosis (“cell eating”). They can also destroy infected neurons and promote the regrowth of neurons. All of the other types of neuroglia above are larger and collectively called macroglia.
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neurons
nerves
a whitish fiber or bundle of fibers that transmits impulses of sensation to the brain or spinal cord, and impulses from these to the muscles and organs.
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Cells that can transmit signals called nerve impulses, or action potentials.
Sensory, or afferent neurons, relay information from the PNS to the CNS; different types of sensory neurons can detect temperature, pressure, and light.
Motor, or efferent neurons, send signals from the CNS to the PNS; these signals provide information to sensory neurons to “tell” them what to do (e.g., initiate muscle movement).
Interneurons connect sensory and motor neurons to the brain and spinal cord; they act as connectors to form neural circuits and are involved with reflex actions and higher brain functions like decision-making.
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Muscle Tissue (contract)
Consists of fibers of muscle cells connected together in sheets and fibers known as muscles, and control the movements of an organism as well as many other contractile functions
Skeletal muscle tissue surrounds the skeleton, and is attached to the bones through tendons, which are highly elastic portions of connective tissue. Can be controlled voluntarily by the somatic nervous system.
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Cardiac muscle tissue also known as heart muscle, is the layer of muscle tissue which lies between the endocardium (inner layer) and epicardium (outer layer) of the heart, surrounding the cardiac muscle tissue and separating it from the blood and other organs, allowing the heart to contract
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Smooth muscle is found surrounding many organs, blood vessels, and other vessels used for transporting fluids. The smooth muscle can contract to apply a force on organ. This can be used to move blood or food throughout their respective systems.
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