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Types of Hormones (Growth Hormone (Produced and released by anterior…

- - - - Growth hormone - releasing hormone (GHRH)
      - Growth hormone - inhibiting hormone (GHIH) (somatostatin)
    - - Starvation
        
        Hypoglycemia or low blood level of fatty acid
        
        Exercise
        
        Deep sleep
        
        Excitement
        
        Trauma
- - - - Parenting
        
        Plasma OT levels during breast feeding is associated with sensitive and responsive mothering (increased calmness, sociability, affectionate touch and decreased anxiety, aggression, and guilt)
        
        In social play studies, close proximity and affection increased salivary OT in dad, mom, and infant
      - Sexual
        
        OT level is elevated during sexual arousal and loving affectionate touch between partners
      - Socioemotion
        
        Intranasal administration of OT:
        
        Increased perception of attractiveness, trustworthiness, approachability
        
        Incerased social cognition, emotion recognition
        
        Decreases jealousy and gloating
- - - - Osmoreceptors depolarize and transmit impulses to hypothalamic neurons
        
        ADH is synthesized and released, inhibiting urine formation
        
        Increases blood volume
    - - ADH is not released, allows water loss
- - - - • In children results in gigantism (very rare)
      - • In adults results in acromegaly (60/million adults)
      - • 98% due to pituitary adenoma
      - • Mortality = 3X higher; due to cardiovascular, respiratory, & neoplastic diseases
    - - • In children results in pituitary dwarfism
      - • In adults (due to tumor; 10/million)
      - • Reduced muscle mass & strength
      - • Reduced bone mass & osteoporosis
      - • Reduced energy
      - • Baldness in men
      - • Impaired concentration & memory loss
      - • Increased body fat
      - • Cardiac dysfunction
  - - - • Huge output of urine and intense thirst
      - • Patients tend to maintain normal extracellular fluid volume as long as they are mindful and have free access to water
    - - • Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH)
      - • Causes: neurosurgery, trauma, tumor
      - • Symptoms: electrolyte imbalance, anorexia, nausea, muscle aches, neurological symptoms
      - • Treatment: restrict fluid intake