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PROPERTIES (TRANSITION METALS (CHEMICAL ((have large charge/radius ratio;,…

- - - - have large charge/radius ratio;
      - are hard and have high densities;
      - have high melting and boiling points;
      - form compounds which are often paramagnetic;
      - show variable oxidation states;
      - form coloured ions and compounds;
      - form compounds with profound catalytic activity;
      - form stable complexes.
- - - - shiny
      - soft
      - silvery
      - highly reactive at standard temperature and pressure
      - readily lose their outermost electron to form cations with a charge of +1
- - - - Oxidation Readily form glasses
      - Alloys Form alloys with metals
      - *Allotropic Several metallic and non-metallic allotropic forms
      - Melting Some metalloids contract on melting
      - Compounds
  - - - State of Matter Solid
      - Luster Metallic lustre
      - Elasticity Brittle
      - Conductivity
- - - - Nonmetals are poor conductors of heat and electricity. Graphite and Gas carbon are exceptions.
      - Unlike metals, nonmetals aren’t malleable and ductile.
      - Nonmetals react more with metals than with nonmetals.
      - Usually, nonmetals react with other nonmetals in high temperature.
      - Most nonmetals do not react with air in room temperature.
      - White phosphorus is the only nonmetal that reacts with air to form its oxide by burning.
      - Usually, nonmetals do not react with water. Except for Chlorine, chlorine dissolves in water to form an acidic solution.
      - Nonmetals have a low density.
      - They do not form alloys. However, nonmetals like carbon, silicon and phosphorous.
      - Nonmetals exist in all states of matter at room temperature.
      - Different nonmetals have different reactions.
      - Chlorine is the most reactive metal in the halogen family i.e. Chlorine (Cl), Bromine (Br), Iodine (I), and Fluorine (F). The reactivity order of the halogen family is Cl > Br > I.
      - Therefore, Chlorine (Cl) can displace Bromine (Br) and Iodine (I) from solutions of bromides (NaBr) and Iodides (NaI).
      - Ionic solids are formed when nonmetals with high electronegativity react with alkali and alkaline earth metals.
- - - - The density of metals is usually high.
      - Metals are malleable and ductile.
      - Metals form an alloy with other metals or non – metals.
      - Some metals react with air and corrode. For e.g. Iron.
      - Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity. Lead is an exception.
      - Generally, metals are in a solid state at room temperature. Except for Mercury. Mercury is in a liquid state.
      - Many metals produce metal oxide by burning in the oxygen of the air. Highly reactive metals react violently when they’re burnt in oxygen.
      - Metals like sodium and potassium are stored in oil as they react with air in seconds. They’re highly reactive metals.
      - Less reactive metals like gold, silver, platinum, etc do not tarnish easily. They stay shiny and lustrous.
      - Metals produce metal oxide and hydrogen gas while reacting with water.
      - Soluble metal oxides dissolve in water and create metal hydroxide.
      - Not all metals react with water. However, highly reactive metals like sodium and potassium react with water violently and an exothermic reaction takes places where the hydrogen immediately catches fire.
      - Salt and hydrogen are produced when a metal reacts with an acid.
      - Generally, a metal displaces a less reactive metal in a metal salt solution.