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Bone Injuries: fractures and complications (Medical Management including…
Bone Injuries: fractures and complications
Definition
is a break in the continuity of a bone
Causes
applied force during trauma
disease (pathological fracture)
prolonged pressure on the bone (stress fracture)
by a fall
Risk Factors
motor vehicle accident
indirect violence
sports
degenerative disorders
Pathophysiology
there is a break in the continuity of an bone, which result in the periosteum being stripped off from the bone and blood vessels supplying the bone being severed
the edge of the bone may damage surrounding soft tissue and blood vessels resulting in bleeding into the bone and tissue
Assessment findings and Symptoms
Pain and swelling at the fracture site
Tenderness close to the fracture.
Paleness and deformity (sometimes).
Loss of pulse below the fracture, usually in an extremity (this is an emergency).
Numbness, tingling or paralysis below the fracture (rare; this is an emergency)
Bleeding or bruising at the site
Weakness and inability to bear weight
Medical Management including Surgical Management,
First aid treatment for bleeding, cover any open wounds, move patient as little as possible. Then transport to hospital or other emergency facility
X-rays of the affected area
Bone ends that have been displaced are maneuvered back into place (reduction)
Most fractures require immobilization with casts or splints
Hospitalization for anesthesia and treatment of severe fractures
Surgery, if the fracture must be repaired with rods, plates or screws
Physical therapy for rehabilitation
pain relieve and muscle relaxant
complecations
Failure to heal (non-union).
Shock from blood loss
Travel of a fat embolus (clump of fat cells) from the injury site to the lungs or brain
Obstruction of nearby arteries
nursing care and health talk
encourage patient to Take vitamin-C and zinc supplements to promote bone healing
Immobility of a bone for a long period can cause loss of muscle bulk, stiffness in nearby joints, and edema (accumulation of fluid in the tissues). It is important to begin to use the affected part as soon as is safely possible