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Foundations of bilingual eduaction (Dimensions of bIlingualism (Balance:…
Foundations of bilingual eduaction
BIlingual means someone that speaks two languages
ELective bilingualism
They choose wich language to use in different contexts.
Dimensions of bIlingualism
Balance: Rarely equal. One dominant, can change.
Age: From birth simultaneous, after 3 years consecutive or sequential.
Use: Where do you use it
Development: Incipient (comienza) Ascendant (Developing in 2nd plane) and balanced bilingual.
Ability: How much you know
Culture
Semilingualism: Deficiencies in one of the languages
Baker, C. (n.d.). Foundations of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism. Fifth Edition. Bilingual Education & Bilingualism.
The four language abilities
:check: Receptive skills (listening/reading)
:check: Productive Skills (Speaking/Writing)
The Balance Theory
Cummins (1980a)
Separate Underlying Proficiency Model of Bilingualism
This model conceives of the two languages operating separately without transfer
Restricted amount of ‘room’ for languages.
The Iceberg Analogy
First Language Surface Features
Second Language Surface Features
Surface Level
Common Underlying Proficiency
Irrespective of the language
Bilingualism and multilingualism are possible because people have the
capacity to store easily two or more languages
Both
channels feed the same central processor
The language the child is using in the classroom needs to be sufficiently well
developed to be able to process the cognitive challenges of the classroom
Speaking, listening, reading or writing in the first or the second language helps
the whole cognitive system to develop
When one or both languages are not functioning fully
The Threshold Theory
Top Floor
Balanced Bilinguals
Appropiate competence in both languages
Middle Floor
Less Balanced Bilinguals
Appropiate competence in only one language
Lower Floor
Limited Bilinguals
Low levels of competece in both languages