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[Topic 5] MIND AND BRAIN download (INTRODUCTION (DANNY) (Misconcept -…

- - - - Another finding - The "silent areas" are not directly coupled to sensory or motor activity. (Further Info: http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0194971
- - - - Yes,there are five stages of brain development.
        
        Stage 1: 0 to 10 months
        Neurons and connections growing.
        
        Stage 2: birth to 6 years
        Development of voluntary movement, reasoning, perception, frontal lobes active in development of emotions, attachments, planning and working memory.
        
        Caregivers need to provide nurturing environment and life experiences shape the emotional well being. Negative or harsh treatment may come with emotional consequences in the future.
        
        Stage 3: 7 to 22 years
        Wiring of brain still in progress. Students especially teenager need to learn to control reckless, irrational and irritable behaviour. Avoiding drugs, alcohol, smoking, unprotected sex and substance abuse.
        
        Stage 4: 23 to 65 years
        Working memory is storing less information, recalling episodes start to decline. Best approach is to stay mentally active, learn new things, stay physically active, Avoid toxins, cigarettes, alcohol and mind-altering drugs.
        
        Stage 5: older than 65 years
        Brain cells are lost in critical areas, avoid stress and eat healthy diet.
    - - There are critical development periods that are time frames in brain's development which is:
        
        ready to learn
        
        master the knowledge
        
        develop a new skill
        
        The individual must be ready and the environment should be able to nurture the mastering of the new skill.
        
        Some behavioural scientists believe that if a person is not assisted to learn a new skill in certain critical periods, he or she will not learn it on her own and may never learn it.
        
        (Maksudnya, saintis yang mengkaji mengenai perlakuan (behaviour) mempercayai bahawa sekiranya seseorang indidividu itu tidak diberi bimbingan untuk mempelajari kemahiran baharu pada masa kritikal otak berfungsi, individu itu tidak akan belajar dengan sendiri atau tidak akan pernah mempelajarinya.)
    - - -Encoding is the crucial first step in creating a new memory.
        -The memory will be recalled from short-term or long-term memory.
        -This leads to biological event which begins from perception through the senses in the nervous systems.
    - - During the developmental process, the "wiring diagram" of the brain is created through the formation of synapses.
        
        At birth, the human brain has in place only a small portion of trillions of synapses it will eventually have after birth.
        
        The rest of synapses are formed after birth and a portion of this process is guided by experience.
        
        Note/ nota kaki: Fungsi synapse ialah memindahkan maklumat dari satu sel ke satu sel yang lain
    - - -The inputs of the experiences will enter the brain from the two eyes visually.
        -The input of experiences converge (ditukar) on the next set of neurons (process and transmit information)
        -People are not born with this neural pattern but through normal processes of seeing.visual, the brain will sort things out.
        
        (Contoh: Pengalaman akan mengubah cara kita berfikir.
        Sebelum memiliki pengalaman, mungkin kita kurang yakin dan mempunyai pengetahuan yang terhad dalam menyelesaikan sesuatu masalah.
        Tetapi, setelah mempunyai pengalaman, otak mempunyai pelbagai cara untuk menyelesaikan masalah berpandukan pengalaman yang telah dialami.
- - - - :checkered_flag:Memory for facts and events.
    - - :checkered_flag:Memory for skills and other cognitive operations.