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MAC address ("Media Access Control address" (May be called by…
MAC address
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Administration
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Universally administered and locally administered addresses are distinguished by setting the second-least-significant bit of the first octet of the address
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If the bit is 0, the address is universally administered
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Unicast
If the least significant bit of the first octet of an address is set to 0 (zero), the frame is meant to reach only one receiving NIC
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Multicast
If the least significant bit of the first octet is set to 1, the frame will still be sent only once
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Details
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281,474,976,710,656 possible MAC addresses
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Usage
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On broadcast networks the MAC address is expected to uniquely identify each node on that segment and allows frames to be marked for specific hosts
The MAC address of an interface can be queried given the IP address using the Address Resolution Protocol for Internet Protocol Version 4
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Privacy
The US National Security Agency has a system that tracks the movements of everyone in a city by monitoring the MAC addresses of their electronic devices
As a result of users being trackable by their devices' MAC addresses, Apple has started using random MAC addresses in their iOS line of devices while scanning for networks
If random MAC addresses are not used, researchers have confirmed that it is possible to link a real identity to a particular wireless MAC address