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POLC (PLANNING, defining the organisation's goals (types of plans…

- - - - Trait theories
        
        whereby leaders are BORN and cannot be trained
      - Behavioural theories
        
        whereby leaders are not born, but TRAINED
      - Contingency theories
        
        characterised by 'adapting' to situational circumstances (i.e may take on a different leadership style in different organisations/roles)
- - - - Dividing of work activities
    - - Grouping of jobs by function, location, product, etc.
    - - Authority, Responsibility, Utility of command
    - - Number of subordinates a manager can manage efficiently and effectively
    - - Decision making controlled by few vs. many
    - - Standardised, guided by rules
  - - - High chain of command
      - Narrow spans of control
      - Rigid departmentalisation
      - High formalisation
      - High specialisation
      - Centralised
    - - cross functional teams
      - cross hierarchial teams
      - free flow of information
      - wide spans of control
      - low formalisation
      - decentralised
- - - - organisational goals established through planning, facilitated through organising, and influenced through leading
    - - manager: delegate