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CELL BIOLOGY :silhouette: (CELL STRUCTURE (CENTRIOLES (spindles…
CELL BIOLOGY :silhouette:
CELL THEORY
all living things - have cells
chemical reaction take place in cell
cell come from pre-existing cell
genetic info- DNA. passed from parent to daughter
CELL STRUCTURE
RIBOSOME
protein production
synthesized in nucleolus
Free ribosome - cytoplasm
bound ribosome - endoplasmic reticulum
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
smooth ER
lipid synthesis
metabolism
no ribosomes
rough ER
has ribosome
protein synthesis
transport material throughout cell
GOLGI APPARATUS
receive vesicles from smooth ER
modify content by glycosylation
repackage in vessicles then exocytosis
VESICLES
membrane-bound sacs
transport and storage
vacuoles - bigger than vesicles - found in plants more
LYSOSOMES
membrane-bound vessicles
contain hydrolytic enzyme - intracellular digestion
autolysis - kill injured tissues
MITOCHONDRIA
aerobic respiration
produce energy ATP
outer and inner phospholipid bilayer
CHOLOROPLASTS
CENTRIOLES
spindles organization
cell division
not bound by membrane
animal cell have it
oriented at right angles to each other that lie in centrosome
plants don't have this
composed of microtubules
CELL MEMBRANE
selective permeability
diffuse
small polar molecules
small and nonpolar hydrophobic molecule
thru protein channel - small charged particles
by carrier protein
charged ions
larger charged molecules
fluid mosaic model
phospholipid bilayer
form spontaneously
nonpolar hydrophobic chains of carbon and hydrogen head face each other
phosphorous-containing, polar face outward
embedded with protein
both can move freely within membrane
NUCLEUS
nuclear membrane
DNA
complexed with histones
form chromosomes
make compact DNA
nucleolus
dense structure
ribosomal rRNA synthesis occur
CYTOPLASM
most activities occur here
cytosol - fluid in the cell
organelles
cyclosis - streaming movement within cell
CYTOSKELETON
support, maintain shape, motility
contain
microtubule
hollow rods
made up of polymerized tubulins radiated in the cell
framework for cell support and organelles moveement
cilia + flagella - specialized microtubules
cell motility
cytoplasmic movement
microfilaments
actin
cell movement
cell support
move material across plasma membrane
during contraction phase of cell division
amoeboid movement
intermediate filaments
CELLULAR TRANSPORT
SIMPLE DIFUSSION
osmosis
hypertonic - water flow out of cell
-plasmolysis
hypotonic - water flow into cell
-lyse
isotonic
no energy required
FACILITATED DIFUSSION
net movement of dissolved particles down the conc gradient
thru special channel/ carrier protein
no energy required
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
against concentration gradient
ions & large molecules
energy-independent carrier - movement along concentration gradient
symporters - move two/more ions in same direction
antiporters - exchange one/more ions for another ion
pumps - energy-dependent carrier
ENDOCYTOSIS
pinocytosis - ingestion of fluids or small particles
phagocytosis - ingest large particles
EXOCYTOSIS
material don't pass thru the cell membrane
vesicles are formed
INTRACELLUAR CIRCULAITON
Brownian movement
cyclosis