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I1-The Philippines (Nature of Local Societies
How far did the nature of…
I1-The Philippines
Nature of Local Societies
How far did the nature of local societies influence each state’s choice of political system?
- diverse linguistic, cultural & racial groups.
- US attitude towards F nationalism as a legitimate political force. [contrast with Malaya, Indonesia & Burma]
Political Alternatives
How far did the challenge posed by political alternatives influence each state’s choice of political system?
- Hukbalahap (Huks) were the anti-Jap comm guerrilla movement which has peasant support.
- however, the decision to adopt democracy was not greatly shaped by the need to counter the Huks.
Decolonisation Experience
How far did each state’s decolonisation experience shape its initial choice of political system?
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- 1934 Tydings-McDuffie Act ensured Filipino self-govt after 10 years and promised financial aid to P
- 1935 Philippine Commonwealth gave Fs autonomy in domestic affairs
- Bell Act ensured free trade with USA
Colonial Legacy
How far did each state’s colonial legacy shape its initial choice of political system?
- US intentions: excessive political tutelage
- Democratic processes such as creation of political parties & elections
- Democratic institutions introduced like 1907 creation of legislature
Nature of Nationalist Elites
How far did each state’s nationalist elites influence its initial choice of political system?
- Illustrados (land-owning elites) [contrast with Western-educated elites in Burma, Indonesia & Malaya]
- F democracy as a political contest btw the elite land-owning families
- Elites participated in US-tutored political processes to serve to entrench elite interests.
- this political power accrued allowed elites to dominate economic resources.