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Congenital abnormalities (Definition: (Clubfoot:deformity of the foot…
Congenital abnormalities
Definition:
Clubfoot:deformity of the foot,present at birth.
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Congenital abnormalities: defects include a wide range of conditions affecting a baby’s bones and muscles, tendons, and ligaments that connect them. Conditions occur while your baby is developing in the uterus
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Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) :is a health problem of the hip joint. It’s when the joint hasn’t formed normally, so it doesn’t work as it should.
Muscular dystrophy (MD) is an inherited (genetic) disorder of the muscles. It is called a neuromuscular disease.
Causes:
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Toxins including alcohol, cigarette smoke, illicit drugs, certain medications, radiation, and certain chemicals
Severe maternal infections during pregnancy, including rubella (German measles), chicken pox, and cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Preexisting maternal conditions such as diabetes, thyroid disease, heart disease, and high blood pressure
Assessment findings and symptoms:
●Reduced movement in infants or difficulty walking in children
●Bones that break easily
●Spine twisting, bowing, or curvature
●Visible problems with a baby’s legs, feet, arms, or hands
Nursing management
Braces, splints, or casts to properly align bones and joints
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Occupational therapy to help build skills such as eating, getting dressed, and walking
Surgery management
●Only used in severe conditions and when the birth defect is life-threatening, surgery allows orthopedic specialists to adjust the bones, muscles, and tendons into their proper position or alignment.
Health education
●Mothers to avoid drinking of alcohol, and smoking of cigarette during pregnancy
●Educate on early symptoms of congenital abnormalities
●Eating healthy balanced diet before and after pregnancy
●As a pregnant women take control of your preexisting medical condition
●Take folic acid
●Avoid exposure to harmful substances during pregnancy such as radiation (x-rays)
●Take daily vitamin during pregnancy
●Lower your risk for infection: avoid eating undercooked meat and raw eggs.
●Get used to eating some green leafy vegetables, nuts, beans, citrus fruits.
●Maintaining a healthy body weight; not too thin nor too obese
Risk factors
● Substance use:alcohol, cigarette smoking
●Medical conditions such as: diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, thyroid disease
●radiation
●Certain medicines
●Certain chemicals
●Maternal infections such as rubella,chicken pox