Strains
click to edit
Medical and surgical management
Causes
Not warming up properly before physical activity
An attempts to lift up a heavy object
A strain can result from trauma caused by overstretching of structures, as in sports such as soccer and tennis.
A sudden movement
Poor posture
Pathophysiology
Injury to the muscles occurs as a results of overstretching of the structures beyond their natural capabilities
The strain may be acute or chronic, with cumulative small tears happening over time.
Tears in the affected structures cause bleeding and as a result, a local inflammatory reaction follows.
Common sites for this type of injury are the hamstring, quadriceps and the calf.
Assessment and common findings
Discoloration, which may or may not be present
Swelling
A history of overstretching
Pain
Bleeding
Limited range of movement
Nursing management
Rest the affected part to prevent additional injury and promote healing
Apply a compression bandage
Apply a cold compress to stop the bleeding
Elevation of the affected part decrease swelling
Analgesia, muscle relaxants, and possible anesthesia are used to facilitate closed reduction.
The affected joint need to be immobilized while the patient is transported to the hospital.
Evaluating the patient's neurovascular status
click to edit
Health education
Take precaution to prevent falls, such as holding bedrails and stairways, avoiding slippery surfaces.
Wear shoes that fit properly
Lift object carefully: hold weight close to your body. Don'y lift and twist at the same time.
Make sure to stretch and warm up before exercising to increase blood flow to the muscles and decrease risk of injury.
Don't rest your muscle for too long, this can cause stiffness and weakness.Slowly increase your level of activity.
Definition
A strain is an injury to a muscle or tendon or both as a result of overstretching or excessive use.