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Chap 2.1 - Differing Strands within Movement (Movement in Towns (In the…
Chap 2.1 - Differing Strands within Movement
Intro
The Non-Cooperation-Khilafat movement began in Jan 1921
Everyone responded to the call of swaraj but it meant different things to different people
Movement in Towns
In the cities, thousands of students left government schools & colleges, headmasters & teachers resigned, lawyers gave up legal practice
Council elections were boycotted in most places except Madras
In Madras, the Justice Party, the party of the non-Brahmans, felt that entering the council was one way of gaining some power - that usually only Brahmans had
People boycotted foreign goods, picketed liquor shops & burnt foreign clothes in large bonfires
Import of foreign cloth halved, its value dropped from 102 crore to 57 crore
Merchants & traders refused to trade foreign goods
Production of Indian textile mills & handlooms went up as people started wearing Indian clothes
End:
Khadi cloth was more expensive than mass produced mill cloth and poor people could not buy it
Slowly teachers & students started returning to government schools & colleges as alternate Indian institutions were slow to come up
Lawyers returned to government courts
Rebellion in Countryside by peasants
Non-cooperation movement spread from the cities to the countryside
In Awadh, the peasants were led by Baba Ramachandra
The peasants had to do
begar
( work without pay) for the landlords, pay high rent, they had no right over the leased land & could be evicted easily
They protested against these oppressive practices of the landlords
In many places
nai-dhobi
bandhs were organised - the barbers & washermen refused to serve the landlords
Oudh Kisan Sabha
was set up in Awadh under the leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru & Baba Ramachandra
Within a month, over 300 branches were set up in the surrounding regions
As the movement spread, house of talukdars & merchants were attacked, bazaars were looted & stored grains were taken
Local leaders told the peasants that Gandhiji had declared that no taxes were to be paid and land was to be redistributed among the poor