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Routes of Drug Administration (Parenteral (Intravenous (Advantages 100%…
Routes of Drug Administration
Enteral
Oral
Advantages
Convenient
Cheap
Gets absorbed along the whole length of the GIT
Disadvantages
First-pass effect
irritation to gastric mucosa
Sublingual
(:pill: nitroglycerine is placed to reduce angina )
Advantages
First pass effect avoided
Quick absorption
Disadvantages
Large quantities cant be given
unpalatable
Buccal
Advantages
Avoid first pass effect
Rapid absorption
Disadvantages
small dose limit
inconvenience
Rectal
(by suppository or enema)
:pill:aspirin
Advantages
almost no first pass effect
used in children or if vomiting
Disadvantages
Irritaion in rectal mucosa
Parenteral
Intravenous
Advantages
100% bioavailability
unconsious, vomitting ,emergency
Disadvantages
danger of infection
irritation- thrombophlebitis
sensitive to irritants
Intramuscular
Advantages
reasonably uniform absorption
mild irritants can be given
Disadvantages
10ml max
nerve damage possible
Intra-Arterial
against malignant cancer ----for localised effects
liver (femoral artery -> hepatic artery )
limb (main artery of the limb)
Intra-Articular :
:pill:hydrocortisone in rheumatoid arthritis)
antibiotics or corticosteroids into
joint cavities
Intradermal
to test for sensivity to drugs
-also for BCG vaccine
Subcutaneous
:pill: insulin
Advantages
can be administered by non-professional
Disadvantages
painful
lipohypertrophy
Topical
(skin or any mucous membrane)
transdermal patch, ointment . inhaler. etc
Skin, eyes , nose , ears
lungs
vagina, urethra , colon
Advantages
-local/systemic effect (lower risk of side effects)
-steady release