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Introduction to Law (What is Law? (A set of rights and obligations imposed…
Introduction to Law
What is Law?
A set of rights and obligations imposed (levied/enforced) upon a community and which regulates (to standardise or control) its affairs or behaviours.
Law is dynamic, not static.
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Sources of Law
- The Constitution of Singapore
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Contains fundamental set of laws governing the running of the country and rights of the individuals.
Structure of Government ie. president, prime minister, cabinet minister, Judiciary and the Court
basic structure of public service, armed forces, civil service,
legal service and Police force
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Act of Parliament
eg. Employment Act, Bankruptcy Act, Housing and Development Board Act, Income Tax Act
Penal Code
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crimes such as murder (section 300),
outraging modesty (s.354)
and theft ( (s.378)
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Classification of Law
Criminal Law
Crimes committed against individual or against state
eg murder, drug taking, littering, failing to pay income tax
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The party who represents the State in criminal proceedings is called the Public Prosecutor or Attorney-General. The person prosecuted against is called the accused or the defendant.
The court will decide on the appropriate punishment according to the law and the punishment is called a sentence.
Civil Law
Those wrongs which are not considered as crimes punishable by the State are considered to be civil wrongs.
The state will not get involved and you yourself will have to take action in court to right the wrong.
Eg. Sam owes Jim $4000 and refuses to pay back. Refusing to pay back a debt is not considered a criminal offence hence Sam has not committed a crime.
A civil suit or civil trial, Jim would be referred as the Plaintiff and Sam as the Defendant
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