Massage / MT MT = no more effective than other Rx for LBP in increasing function or reducing pain, Massage = s/a of change in short term in pain and reported function compared to inactive methods, nil confidence in efficacy in Rx of LBP due to poor evidence quality and volume -Rubinstein SM, van Middelkoop M, Assendelft WJJ, de Boer MR, van Tulder MW (2011) Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low-back pain. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2011, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD008112. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD008112.pub2 & Furlan, A. D., Giraldo, M., Baskwill, A., Irvin, E., & Imamura, M. (2015). Massage for low-back pain. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (9), CD001929.