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Challenges to Behaviourism, Leslie 2002 (Insight (Wolfgang Kholler, 1925…
Challenges to Behaviourism, Leslie 2002
Martin Seligmans, 1970
Preparedness
biological prewired
Learn some associations
constraints of conditioning
conditioned taste aversion
when a taste becomes repulsive
Garcia, Lasiter, Bermudez & Deems 1985
Challenge
CS
Experiment
Stage 1
Rats touches tube
Sweet Water
light and buzzer on
Stage 2
Group 1
Illness condition
radiation exposure
Group 2
Fear condition
electric shock when drinking
Stage 3
Group 1
rats avoid sweet water
Prefer plain water with buzzer and light on
Group 2
rat sticks with sweet water
Insight
Wolfgang Kholler, 1925
Challenges Thorndikes Trail & Error
Ape stares at bananas and tools
then solution suddenly appears
Perception to solve a problem
Betty, the Crow
Manfactured a hook
retrieve food in bucket
Cognitive Map
Tolman, 1948
Mental representation of spatial layout
Latent learning
Learned behaviour demonstrated later when incentives
rats in maze
develop spacial layout
find food , speed up way through
Expentancy Model
Argues the response is predictable
Rescorlas, 1968
Blocking
obstruction of condtioned Response
response conditioned to a different stimulus
Rescorlas-Wagner Theory, 1972
strength of CR based on how unexpected the UCS
If always shocked less likely to learn conditioned response
Latent Inhabition
Lubow & Moore, 1959
dormant response waiting to happen
Attentional Theory of classical conditioning
strength of condition based on attention given